El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / The addition of fluid viscous dampers to structures increases damping and reduce the lateral displacements due large earthquake loads, being an effective technique for seismic control of responses specially by severe earthquakes events and structures at high seismic hazard zone, safeguarding them from possible collapse. The objective of this research is to compare the structural performance of essential structures of confined masonry older than 50 years, asbuilt and retrofitted with viscous dampers. Additionally, the structure is analyzed with a traditional reinforcement technique such as reinforced concrete walls, in order to evaluate the feasibility of the first proposal. It was found that including dampers the drifts are reduced from 0.6% to its half, better performance that implementing concrete walls with 0.45% drift response. Besides stresses levels at masonry walls have been reduced better than retrofit building new concrete walls. It is shown the feasibility of the proposal in structural responses using fluid viscous dampers,

In this article, a performance assessment of the evacuation system is established for educational buildings. Structural and geotechnical information of the building is collected and introduced into a database. A similar procedure was realized for the information related to the occupants. Using this information, a) the structural fragility and localized collapse were determined and b) the interaction of the person with the partial collapse was established. For the first aspect, nonlinear time history was used, and for the second, the agent-based modeling was applied to recreate the reaction of people that face the micro collapse. Therefore, the important results of this evaluation are: 1) To localize collapsed beans and columns that make inoperable evacuation routes, 2) to localize bottleneck areas that people concentration during evacuation, and 3) quantification of affected people, in terms of persons caught up in the building that cannot evacuate.

En control antisísmico, se ha concluido que la adición de disipadores de fluido viscoso incrementa el amortiguamiento y controla los desplazamientos laterales de las estructuras, salvaguardándolas del posible colapso. El objetivo de este trabajo es comparar la respuesta de estructuras esenciales de albañilería confinada mayores a 50 años, con y sin amortiguadores viscosos. Adicionalmente, se analiza la estructura con una técnica de reforzamiento tradicional como son las placas de concreto armado, con el objetivo de evaluar la viabilidad de la primera propuesta. Los resultados indican que, con un reforzamiento con amortiguadores, las derivas se reducen de un 5.98%o a 3.33%o, y 4.42%o al implementar los muros de concreto armado, lo cual demuestra la viabilidad de la propuesta en respuestas estructurales. / In seismic control, it has been concluded that the addition of viscous fluid dissipaters increases the damping and controls the lateral displacements of the structures, safeguarding them from possible collapse. The objective of this work is to compare the response of essential structures of confined masonry over 50 years, with and without viscous dampers. Additionally, the structure was analyzed with a traditional reinforcement technique such as reinforced concrete plates, with the objective of evaluating the viability of the first proposal. The results indicate that, with a reinforcement with shock absorbers, the drifts are reduced by 5.98%o or 3.33%o, or 4.42%o or by implementing the reinforced concrete walls, which demonstrates the viability of the proposal. / Trabajo de investigación

Con la posibilidad de un sismo de considerable intensidad, según el IGP y el CISMID, se hace necesario la presencia de investigaciones para prevenir y dar conocimiento de los riesgos que están expuestos la población. Es por ello, que la presente tesis propone una estimación del riesgo sísmico de las edificaciones del distrito de Chancay según metodologías visuales. El motivo de escoger a la ciudad de Chancay para este estudio es por su tipo de construcción que representa a la mayoría de las ciudades de la costa peruana. Estas construcciones realizadas principalmente por personas con conocimiento empírico “Maestros de Obra” y en la mayoría sin asesorías de un profesional de la construcción genera que estas edificaciones sean vulnerables. La vulnerabilidad asociada con el peligro sísmico representa un riesgo no solo estructural y de posibles pérdidas económicas, sino que en el peor de los casos pérdidas humanas. Por ello, es necesario informar a la población las posibles consecuencias que tendrían después de un evento sísmico de magnitud mayor a 8. Para el desarrollo de esta esta investigación se cuantifico el costo estructural de la ciudad tomando datos oficiales del gobierno y costos actuales de distintos proyectos que se desarrollaron en los índices 3.1 Material y 3.2 Recopilación, en el que se obtiene un valor aproximado de S/ 2.2 mil millones de soles. Para la evaluación se utilizó la metodología propuesta por el Fema en su manual de Hazus que se resumen en el Capítulo 2 Marco Teórico; así mismo, se debe indicar que esta metodología se realizó en Estados Unidos en el que propone 36 modelos estructurales en relación con el tipo de construcción con el que se puede obtener el porcentaje de daño de una estructura frente a un evento sísmico. Se debe considerar que los resultados son posibles aproximaciones ya que los coeficientes utilizados por la metodología presentan limitaciones que son mencionados según avance el desarrollo de la investigación. El motivo de utilizar metodologías visuales para determinar el riesgo es principalmente que la evaluación es una ciudad; el cual, cuenta con aproximadamente 15 mil estructuras que si es evaluada mediante métodos avanzados se tendría que acopiar información muy detallada que generan grandes costos, tiempo y por el gran número no sería del todo razonable. Finalmente se presentan los resultados y las conclusiones para un escenario sísmico de magnitud de 8.5 desarrollado en el Capítulo 5 Discusión de resultados para la ciudad de Chancay; en el cual se estima que la ciudad tiene un riesgo de 42.8% de daños que expresados en términos económicos es de S/. 954.3 millones de soles. / With the possibility of an earthquake of considerable intensity, according to the IGP and the CISMID, the presence of investigations is necessary to prevent and give knowledge of the risks that the population is exposed to. That is why this thesis proposes an estimate of the seismic risk of the buildings in the Chancay district according to visual methodologies. The reason for choosing the city of Chancay for this study is for its type of construction that represents most of the cities of the Peruvian coast. These constructions carried out mainly by people with empirical knowledge "Construction Masters" and in most cases without the advice of a construction professional, make these buildings vulnerable. Vulnerability associated with seismic hazard represents not only a structural risk and potential economic loss, but in the worst-case human loss. Therefore, it is necessary to inform the inhabitants of the possible consequences that they would have after a seismic event of magnitude greater than 8. For the development of this research, the structural cost of the city is quantified taking official data from the government such as the INEI and current costs of different projects that are developed in Chapter 3 Materials and Information Collection in which a value of S / 2.2 billion soles. For the evaluation, the methodology proposed by Fema in its Hazus manual was used, which are summarized in Chapter 2 Theoretical Framework; Likewise, it should be noted that this methodology was carried out in the United States in which it proposes 36 structural models in relation to the type of construction with which the percentage of damage to a structure in the face of a seismic event can be obtained. It should be considered that the results are possible approximations and that the coefficients used by the methodology present limitations that are mentioned according to the progress of the research development. The reason for using visual methodologies to determine risk is mainly that the evaluation is a city; which has approximately 15 thousand structures that, if evaluated by advanced methods, would have to collect very detailed information that generates great costs, time, and due to the large number, it would not be entirely reasonable. Finally, the results and the conclusions for a seismic scenario of magnitude of 8.5 developed in Chapter 5 Discussion of results for the city of Chancay are presented; in which it is estimated that the city has a risk of 42.8% of damages that expressed in economic terms is S/. 954.3 million soles. / Tesis