The aim of this theses is analysis of accounting`s conditions and links to tax law, the needs and requirements of accounting in civil associations. For the implementation of the chosen problem into practice was selected civic association OS Stavba ČR. The work focuses on legislative conditions in areas of tax, i.e.. income tax, value added tax, road-traffic tax, real estate tax and gift, inheritance and real estate-tranfer tax. Each tax was analyzed in three views to make them well-arranged: view of the law, the accounting and the practice. The most attention in the practical part of this work is paid to the corporate income tax. Because legislation governing this tax is the most complicated and is therefore placed emphasis on requirements to process background papers and is the most different for organisations involved in the non-profit activities.

This masters thesis focuses on real estate taxation in the Czech Republic and Great Britain. The theoretical part of this thesis presents the tax system in both countries as well as basic information about property taxes and the system of taxation of property. The practical part of this thesis consists mainly of model examples of taxation of real estate intended for housing and real estate with commercial use. Part of this work is also aimed at comparing the tax burden. The comparison of taxes on property in both countries is made by comparing taxes on property with GDP and with total taxation. The final part of this thesis compares the tax burden in both countries by using the results from the model examples.

This thesis is focused on the comparison and analysis of taxation of real estate, which are located in the Czech Republic and Ireland. In the first and second part of this thesis, the historical development of real estate taxation in the monitored countries is mapped out, followed by a more detailed description of the current legislation on the taxation of real estate in the Czech Republic and Ireland. The third part brings a macroeconomic comparison, where the combined tax quota of both countries is compared, as well as the analysis of the development of the absolute tax collection for taxes related to real estate, both in the Czech Republic and Ireland. In the last part, using the model examples, is quantified and then compared the magnitude of the tax burden on real estate taxation in the monitored countries. First, a comparison of the Czech real estate tax and Irish local tax is compared, and then the real estate tax introduced in the Czech Republic is compared with the stamp duty introduced in Ireland.

The thesis deals with tax liabilities of an owner of real estate. The theoretical part describes tax acts in 2010 which are used in the thesis. I focused on selection of the parts of the acts which refer to real estate so that the public can easily understand and use them. The practical part includes taxation of specific cases with commentary and reasoning of individual steps arising during purchase, usage and transfer of real estate. The specific cases are modelled for a natural person taxpayer not being an entrepreneur and a natural person taxpayer being an entrepreneur.

米国における富の移転課税制度とその課税根拠論について検討し，その検討結果を踏まえて，今後のわが国における富の移転課税制度のあり方について考察した。本研究の主な検討課題は，(1)課税制度の歴史的展開，(2)実体法としての連邦遺産税，贈与税および世代跳躍移転税の検討，(3)課税根拠論，である。本研究により，米国における富の移転課税は，税法独自の定義と概念に基づいて法が構築されていることが明らかとなった。 / The wealth transfer taxation in the United States of America was studied to clarify the legal characteristics in the tax system. The study is composed of a history of federal estate, gift, and generation-skipping taxes, current legal aspects of those taxations, and the rationale for the taxations. The characteristic of the legal aspects in the wealth transfer taxation in the nation is to tax a right and competence for a wealth. The theory of the taxation would be important issues in Japan. / 博士(法学) / Doctor of Laws / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University