Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LarissaCLA_DISSERT.pdf: 2411784 bytes, checksum: bc6175bf8ed881abf12e8c0d17d59264 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-04 / Biodiesel is an alternative fuel, renewable, biodegradable and nontoxic. The transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fat with alcohol is most common form of production of this fuel. The procedure for production of biodiesel occurs most commonly through the transesterification reaction in which catalysts are used to accelerate and increase their income and may be basic, acid or enzyme. The use of homogeneous catalysis requires specific conditions and purification steps of the reaction products (alkyl ester and glycerol) and removal of the catalyst at the end of the reaction. As an alternative to improve the yield of the transesterification reaction, minimize the cost of production is that many studies are being conducted with the application of heterogeneous catalysis. The use of nano-structured materials as catalysts in the production of biodiesel is a biofuel alternative for a similar to mineral diesel. Although slower, can esterify transesterified triglycerides and free fatty acids and suffer little influence of water, which may be present in the raw material. This study aimed at the synthesis, characterization and application of nano-structured materials as catalysts in the transesterification reaction of soybean oil to produce biodiesel by ethylic route. The type material containing SBA-15 mesoporous lanthanum embedded within rightly Si / La = 50 was used catalyst. Solid samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption and desorption. For the transesterification process, we used a molar ratio of 20:1 alcohol and oil with 0.250 g of catalyst at 60?C and times of 6 hours of reaction. It was determined the content of ethyl esters by H-NMR analysis and gas chromatography. It was found that the variable of conversion obtained was 80%, showing a good catalytic activity LaSBA-15 in the transesterification of vegetable oils via ethylic route / O biodiesel ? um combust?vel alternativo, renov?vel, biodegrad?vel e n?o t?xico. A transesterifica??o dos ?leos vegetais ou gordura animal com ?lcool ? a forma mais usual de produ??o desse combust?vel. O procedimento de produ??o de biodiesel ocorre mais comumente atrav?s da rea??o de transesterifica??o, na qual se utiliza catalisadores para acelerar e aumentar seu rendimento, podendo ser b?sico, ?cido ou enzim?tico. O uso da cat?lise homog?nea requer condi??es e etapas espec?ficas de purifica??o dos produtos da rea??o (?ster alqu?licos e glicerol) e remo??o do catalisador ao t?rmino da rea??o. Como alternativa para melhorar o rendimento da rea??o de transesterifica??o, minimizar os custos com a produ??o ? que muitos estudos est?o sendo realizados com aplica??o de cat?lise heterog?nea. O uso de materiais nano-estruturados como catalisadores na produ??o de biodiesel ? uma alternativa para obter um biocombust?vel semelhante ao diesel mineral. Mesmo sendo mais lentos, conseguem transesterificar os triglicer?deos e esterificar os ?cidos graxos livres, al?m de sofrerem pouca influ?ncia da ?gua, que possa estar presente na mat?riaprima. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a s?ntese, caracteriza??o e aplica??o de materiais nano-estruturados como catalisadores na rea??o de transesterifica??o de ?leo de soja, para obten??o de biodiesel pela rota et?lica. O material do tipo SBA-15 contendo lant?nio incorporado na estrutura mesoporosa, com raz?o Si/La=50, foi utilizado como catalisador. As amostras s?lidas foram caracterizadas por difra??o de raios-X, an?lise termogravim?trica, espectroscopia na regi?o do infravermelho, adsor??o e dessor??o de nitrog?nio. Para o processo de transesterifica??o, utilizou-se uma raz?o molar entre ?lcool e ?leo de 20:1 com 0,250 g de catalisador, temperatura de 60?C e tempos de 6 horas de rea??o. Determinou-se o teor de ?steres et?licos pela an?lise de H-RMN e cromatografia a g?s. Foi verificado que a vari?vel de convers?o obtida foi de 80%, mostrando uma boa atividade catal?tica do LaSBA- 15 na transesterifica??o do ?leo de soja via rota et?lica