Given the high prevalence of HIV and AIDS in South Africa, particularly among the 12-25 year age group, the study set out to understand the perceptions of parents regarding the proposed school-based HIV Counselling and Testing (HCT) campaign planned by the Department of Health in collaboration with the Department of Education. This campaign is aimed at encouraging teenagers to get tested and to know their HIV status in the hope that such knowledge will reduce the number of new infections. The target market of the HCT campaign includes high schools because they have a significant number of adolescents and young adults who could benefit from HCT campaign (SANAC, 2010:11). The research looked at the ethical, legal and social implications of the HCT campaign in schools as perceived by parents. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a sample of 20 households. Among the main findings was that parents were generally in favour of the HCT campaign but believed that participation in the programme should be voluntary. They anticipated that the HCT programme could potentially affect children’s emotional well-being, particularly if ethico-legal issues of consent and confidentiality were violated and social issues of stigma and discrimination were not handled sensitively. They emphasised that the campaign needed to consider children’s vulnerability and should seek to protect them in the process. Findings are discussed in terms of their implications for promoting bioethical principles in implementing the HCT campaign.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Issued also as thesis, Universit́e de Paris.

Issued also as thesis, Universit́e de Paris.

Thèse - Lyon. / Without thesis statement.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Medicine in Diagnostic Radiology Johannesburg, 2014 / INTRODUCTION South Africa presents a complex scenario with regard to patients consenting for medical procedures, because of the differing profiles of the population and the health care workers who perform the consenting procedures. AIM To evaluate consenting practice for CT scanning, within the South African tertiary referral setting and to determine if there are any associations between patient demographic profile and the level of understanding with the adequacy of consent. METHOD A prospective survey regarding consenting practices for CT scanning was performed in a form of an interview questionnaire in patients presenting to Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic hospitals. Determination of any associations between patient age, racial group, language and education was made with the level of understanding and adequacy of consent. RESULTS The survey was conducted on 117 patients; 86 from Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and 31 from Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital. We found no significant association between gender and age category (p=0.11), racial group (p=0.17), education (p=0.26), home language (p=0.21) or residential area type (p=0.70). vi There was a significant, weak, association between age category and education (p=0.043; Cramer’s V=0.29). There was a significant, moderate association between the understanding of the language of consent and the home language of the patients (p=0.0013; phi coefficient=0.43). There was also some association between education and age. Just over 50% of patients felt that they had been given enough information and had had an opportunity to ask questions and only 33% had been offered an alternative to the CT scan. There was a significant difference in the mean adequacy of consent score with regards to racial group (p<0.0001), home language (p=0.0073), residential area type (p<0.0001) and level of education (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION Language differences between patients and personnel performing the consent procedure proved to be a major barrier in offering adequate consenting for CT Scans.

Thesis (M.A.)--York University, 1997. Graduate Programme in Philosophy. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-109). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pMQ27378.

Thesis (Ed.D.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Theses (Faculty of Education) / Simon Fraser University. Includes bibliographical references leaves 322-244. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, Missouri, 1995. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-115).

Orientadores: Ellen Hardy, Maria Jose Duarte Osis / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T13:16:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bassi_FabianaGuariglia_D.pdf: 1703561 bytes, checksum: 492a5b1b282e8a5db7051f9283374f80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: As crianças estão sujeitas a muitas das doenças de que sofrem os adultos e, muitas vezes, são tratadas com os mesmos medicamentos. Nos últimos 30 anos foram realizadas poucas pesquisas para se desenvolver medicamentos pediátricos. A medicina baseada em evidências tem sido ponto de referência de uma boa prática clínica. Entretanto, as crianças são excluídas dessa prática, uma vez que os tratamentos não foram cientificamente avaliados nesse grupo etário. A ausência de estudos pediátricos representa um dilema ético para o profissional responsável pela saúde dos menores, os medicamentos acabam sendo ministrados sem a garantia de serem adequados às necessidades de cada grupo etário. Estes profissionais não têm orientação oficial a respeito do melhor para as crianças: expô-las ao risco de tomar medicamentos não adequados ou ao risco de participar de um ensaio clínico. Objetivo: Conhecer a experiência e a opinião de docentes de Departamentos de Pediatria e de Neonatologia de Faculdades de Medicina brasileiras a respeito do desenvolvimento de ensaios clínicos, para avaliar fármacos e formas de administração em crianças. Sujeitos e métodos: Este estudo foi realizado em duas etapas: a primeira foi quantitativa de corte transversal, descritiva utilizando um questionário autorrespondido A segunda foi qualitativa, utilizando entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Essa segunda etapa foi realizada para obter informações que permitissem a melhor compreensão do significado das informações obtidas inicialmente. Quantitativa: Os sujeitos do estudo foram docentes-pediatras das Faculdades de Medicina do Brasil. Foi enviada, por correio eletrônico, uma carta-convite personalizada explicando o objetivo do estudo e em anexo o questionário a ser autorrespondido. Realizouse análise descritiva univariada que consistiu de tabelas de distribuição de frequências de todas as variáveis consideradas. Qualitativa: Para esta etapa foram convidados os docentes-pesquisadores que responderam ao questionário na Etapa Quantitativa e relataram que foram pesquisadores principais, nos últimos 24 meses, de um de ensaio clínico que incluiu voluntários que o pesquisador considerou crianças. Todos os pesquisadores que aceitaram o convite foram entrevistados pessoalmente através de uma entrevista semi-estruturada de questões abertas. Realizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Dos 89 docentes-pediatras que responderam ao questionário, 31 relataram que nos últimos 24 meses tinham sido pesquisador principal de um ensaio clínico pediátrico. Entretanto, apenas 58% das pesquisas referidas correspondiam a um ensaio clínico segundo definido para esta pesquisa. Foi detectado que as opiniões dos docentes-pediatras estavam em harmonia com as orientações internacionais existentes atualmente, apesar de ter sido identificado que dentre os docentes-pesquisadores não havia um conhecimento apurado das normas existentes no Brasil e das normas internacionais para a realização de ensaios clínicos na população pediátrica. Houve um consenso quanto à necessidade cada vez maior de se realizar ensaios clínicos para essa população e, consequentemente, da necessidade de se regulamentar esse tipo de pesquisa no Brasil. Conclusões: Com uma regulamentação nacional que as crianças e adolescentes do Brasil poderão ter uma possibilidade de garantir seus direitos, como a proteção de sua integridade física, emocional e social. Como também o acesso a novas tecnologias que atendam às suas reais necessidades. / Abstract: Children are subjected to many of the diseases adults suffer from, and most of the times they are treated with the same medication. In the past 30 years there have been conducted few researches to develop pediatric medication. The medicine based on evidence has been a reference point of a good clinical practice. However, children are excluded of this practice once the treatments haven't been scientifically tested in this age group. The lack of pediatric studies represent an ethical dilemma for the professional responsible for the children's health, because the medication ends up being administered without the guarantee that they are appropriate for the needs of each group. These professionals don't have professional official orientation in respect of the best for the children's: expose them to the risk of taking medicine that are not appropriate or to the risk of participating in a clinical study. Objective: To find out about the experience and opinion of professors from Neonatology and Pediatric Departments of Brazilian Medical Schools in respect of clinical trials developments to evaluate medicine and administration methods in children. Subjects and methods: this study was conducted in 2 stages: the first was quantitative and in a transversal cut and descriptive, using a self responded questionnaire. The second was qualitative, using semi-structured interviews. This second stage was developed to obtain information that permitted the best understanding of the information's meaning obtained initially. QUANTITATIVE: The study's subjects were pediatrics professors of Brazil's Medical School. A personalized invitation letter was sent, via -mail, explaining the objective of the study and the questionnaire was attached. The unvaried descriptive analysis consisted of frequency distribution tables of all the considered variants. QUALITATIVE: For this stage, the research professors were invited to respond to the questionnaire in the Quantitative Stage and they reported they had been the main researchers, over the past 24 months, of a clinical trial that included volunteers that the researcher took children into account. All the researchers who accepted the invitation were interviewed in person, through a semi-structured interview of open questions. The content analysis was performed. Results: From the 89 pediatrics professors who responded to the questionnaire, 31 reported that over the past 24 months they had been the main researchers of a pediatric clinical trial. However, only 58% of the reported surveys corresponded to a clinical trial according to the one defined for this survey. It has been detected that the pediatric professors opinions were in harmony with the international orientation that exists nowadays, even though it had been discovered that among the pediatric professors there was no accurate knowledge of the existing norms in Brazil and the international norms for the conduction of clinical trials in the pediatric population. There was an agreement concerning the increasing need of carrying out clinical trials for this population and consequently the need of regulating this kind of research in Brazil. Conclusions: With a national regulation that children and adolescents from Brazil will have a possibility of guaranteeing their rights, as well as their social, emotional and physical integrity protection. And also the access to new technologies that suit their real needs. / Doutorado / Ciencias Biomedicas / Doutor em Tocoginecologia