Thesis (Ph. D.)--Syracuse University, 2009. / "Publication number: AAT 3385837."

Habilitationsschrift--Frankfurt am Main, 1971. / "Veröffentlichungen des Frobenius-Instituts an der Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität zu Frankfurt/Main." Bibliography: v. 1, p. [349]-376; v. 2, p. [523]-552.

Thesis (PH. D.)--Yale University. 1937. / Thesis note on p. [1]. "Reprinted ... from Ethnological studies, 7, 1938, edited and published by Walter Kaudern, PH. D., director, Gothenburg ethnographical museum." Bibliography: p. [158]-168.

Inaug.-Diss.--Giessen. / Vita.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- Syracuse University, 2004. / "Publication number AAT 3149042." Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Syracuse University, 2005. / "Publication number AAT 3176996."

This study situates African women's fertility at the crossroads of historical trends and current politico-economic realities of gender and migration from developing to developed nations since 1991. It examines fertility as a site of conjuncture between the resettlement process and cultural, educational, and economic constraints. The research demonstrates that post-immigration fertility is dynamic and undergoes constant evaluation and change to accommodate new realities. African women modify their beliefs, practices, and strategies regarding reproduction with increased access to economic, educational, and health opportunities in a host culture. A mixed methods approach guides the design of this study that took place in Central Massachusetts over 11 months. The ethnographic component includes participant observation in a Somali refugee community and in-depth interviews with eleven women from Somalia, Liberia, Ghana, and Zimbabwe. The quantitative approach includes analysis of the Current Population Survey (CPS) 2007 and 2009 March and June Supplements, the American Community Survey (ACS) 2009 3-year Population Estimates, and immigration data from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). The ethnography that guides this research took place between November 2008 and September 2009. Unlike previous research that analyzes immigrant fertility in terms of an African/non-African cohort, this study examines African inter-group variances by country of origin, method of immigration and generation. The results point to significant differences in fertility between voluntary and involuntary immigrants, between East and West Africans, and among generations. In all cases, education emerges as a significant predictor of fertility rates, but only up to a certain income level. This study informs the field of anthropological demographics and refugee studies with applications to population and resettlement policies. / A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Summer Semester, 2010. / March 26, 2010. / Medical Anthropology, Demographic Anthropology, Fertility, African Refugees, Acculturation, Integration, ESL, Immigrant Fertility, African Immigration / Includes bibliographical references. / Glen Doran, Professor Co-Directing Dissertation; Cheryl Ward, Professor Co-Directing Dissertation; Peter Garretson, Committee Member; Heike Schmidt, Committee Member.

This dissertation focuses on a few possible causes and consequences of the sexual division of foraging labor in the Hadza, hunter-gatherers of Tanzania. I present three separate studies; the investigation of foraging goals as reflected in food preferences, the extent of cross-sex food sharing as reflected in consumption, and the consequences as reflected in evidence of the sexual division of foraging labor that would be detectable in the archaeological record. Food preferences are important for understanding foraging choices. In studying human foragers rather than other animals, we have the advantage of being able to ask them which foods they prefer. Yet surprisingly, no studies of systematically collected data exist on human forager food preferences. The Hadza of Tanzania are full-time foragers in an area where the hominin record extends back to 3-4 million years ago, so their diet is very relevant for understanding the paleo-diet. The first study reports on their food preferences, elicited with photographs of species within the five major food categories in their diet: honey, meat, berries, baobab, and tubers. There were sex differences in the ranks of two food categories: meat and berries. While male and female ranks agreed on the other three food categories, females ranked berries second and meat fourth, whereas males ranked meat second and berries fourth. Theses similarities and differences are interesting in light of the fact that the sexes target different foods. My second study uses eating frequency data from instantaneous scan observations of the Hadza, hunter-gatherers of Tanzania, to see to how much sharing of foods taken back to camp compensates for the targeting of different foods by each sex while out foraging. I find that eating in camp differs by sex in terms of overall eating frequency, as well as in terms of diet composition (frequencies of eating each food type). I also control for sex-differences in time spent in camp and still find sex-differences in eating frequencies—women are observed eating significantly more frequently than men. There are also sex-differences in the eating frequencies of particular food types both with and without controlling for presence in camp. Finally, I use data on acquisition of each food type by sex and find that both sexes are more frequently observed eating women's foods in camp than men's foods. My third study investigates the relationship between patterns of attrition across age and sex cohorts with behavioral data on diet composition in a contemporary hunter-gatherer population, the Hadza of Tanzania. Despite the targeting of different foods by males and females among hunter-gatherers, the sharing of male and female foods is usually assumed to result in virtually the same diet for males and females. Despite the widespread sharing of foods among the Hadza, hunter-gathers of Tanzania, women were observed eating significantly more frequently than Hadza men, and were eating more of some foods than others. Casts of the upper dentition (full arcade) were made from molds taken from 126 adults (71 women and 55 men) and scored according to the Murphy dental attrition scoring system. Females demonstrated significantly greater anterior occlusal wear than males controlling for age. Males demonstrated greater asymmetry in wear, with greater wear on the left side in canines, first premolars, and first molars. I believe that these sex differences in wear patterns reflect the sex differences seen in eating frequency, as well as differences in the use of teeth as tools. / A Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Anthropology in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. / Summer Semester, 2010. / April 21, 2010. / Eating Frequency, Food Preferences, Hadza, Hunter-gatherers, Dental Wear / Includes bibliographical references. / Frank W. Marlowe, Professor Directing Dissertation; Jon Maner, University Representative; Glen Doran, Committee Member.

No description available.

The thesis is a study of present-day religion in a rural Bantu society, viewed within the framework of their social structure. The society is that of the Tlhaping of the Phuduhtswana chiefdom of the Taung reserve. After an introductory chapter on the historical and geographical background, a chapter is devoted to the social and economic changes that have taken place or are still taking place, such as the scattering of the population from a large central capital, the concomitant changes in political organisation, the weakening of kinship ties, and the participation in migrant labour. By far the most prominent type of religion in this society to-day is that represented by the Christian churches, and the major part of this study therefore deals with the churches, but in a separate chapter the remnants of pagan belief and ritual are also discussed.