Thesis (M.A.)--University of Alberta, 2010. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed May 16, 2010). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, Humanities Computing--Anthropology". Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1913. / Includes bibliographical references (p. v-vi).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Texas Woman's University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 230-242).

禮起源於人民的日常生活，其內涵包括禮義與禮儀二者。經周公系統化後，禮成為歷代統治者穩定社會的重點教化內容。由於禮的內容複雜繁瑣，一般庶民難有相應的條件來履行當中的種種禮節，故有「禮不下庶人」之說。至宋代，由於市民階級的興起及文化事業的發達，一般庶民對禮的需求日顯殷切，代表地方「小傳統」的家族文化便開始與作為「大傳統」代表的儒家文化相結合。宋明兩代家禮的撰作，便是回應民眾訴求的結果，呈現大小傳統文化的整合情況。家禮作為一種庶民日常家庭生活的常規要求，既要包含許多傳統道德規範，同時也要配合當時的社會風俗。如何磨合協調二者，讓傳統禮學能配合時代所需而加以發展，得以活化，令禮的要義能真正落實，是一個十分有意義的課題，也是本文的研究重點。本文將以儒家哲學精神為切入點，探究《書儀》、《文公家禮》、《家禮儀節》這三本同一體系但不同朝代的家禮著作，歸納其儀節內容如何配合社會的轉變，以貫徹儒家重人情的傳統思想特點。從而辨析司馬光、朱熹、丘濬等人如何訂定冠、昏、喪、祭諸儀，並探究其在變更儀節的同時，能否保留當中的禮義，以延續與活化儒家的傳統思想。藉由本文的討論，期望能進一步明瞭《書儀》、《家禮》、《家禮儀節》三書，如何兼容時代的特色及需要，延續與活化儒家的倫理禮教；希望通過歸納當中重點，重申儒家的普世價值，為今天的社會如何復興儒學提供一個參考點。Abstract In early China, li-rituals stands for a totality of social norms, governing the individual, the family, the rural community, the state and even the international arena of the "civilized world"-Huaxia. However, the li-rituals are mainly practiced among nobles with the exclusion of commoners. Though commoners could be promoted to the ruling class since the Warring-State period, such cases are relatively rare. A great majority of the bureaucrats are from learnt families presumably well-versed in li-rituals. This situation has changed in the Song dynasty. With the keju-examinations in full-swing, many commoners have joined the upper class and the need for practice of li-rituals, as a symbol of social, intellectual and moral upwardness, becomes urgent. To meet this need, Sima Guang, Zhu Xi and Qiu Jun, all scholar-bureaucrats in the Song-Ming Dynasties, endeavored to set a modern version of li-rituals with reference to those in the classics. As li-rituals are by nature conservative and very sensitive to changes, all new practices must be well-justified. This is a study on how these scholars revitalized the li-rituals by making changes appropriate to the contemporary situation and according to what criteria, analyzed how these changes facilitated the standardization of Chinese ritual behavior which enhances our understanding of Chinese society and culture.

Bibliography: pages 88-94. / The writer of this Masters dissertation, presented in six chapters, has practised for many years as a social worker in the rural, developing country of the Republic of Bophuthatswana. The subject of the research study was however prompted by the time she spent as a protocol officer in the Department of Foreign Affairs in Bophuthatswana. Search for an academic background on protocol (for reference in her practice) having proved fruitless, she undertook the research now reported upon. The study has been carried out using the techniques of participant observation, process recording, and elementary content analysis. Documentary sources were also used. Otherwise the work is descriptive, and does not make use of statistical techniques. The study examines the relationship between the function of protocol on the one hand and social policy and social administration on the other. The diary technique as a method of data collection was used. Since this is a typological study of the tasks of a protocol officer, the daily activities of the officer were recorded in the diary (but not timed) over a period of six months. This was regarded as a sufficiently representative period. After six months of data collection, the writer examined all entries in the diary. Every activity was labelled with the specific message it carried. Classification in a systematic manner, according to the characteristic messages that these activities carried, followed. In this way ten categories emerged from the data. The writer has identified and described the categories. The ten categories were then examined and subjected to further analysis which resulted in quantitative findings which are reflected in tabular form. It was hypothesised that protocol is social administration and that it has implication for social policy. The writer's conclusion is that a protocol officer has however to possess skills which go beyond those of an administrator. Protocol officers therefore require professional training. The writer ventured away from conventional Social Work studies in choosing to research the field of protocol. Throughout, therefore, she consciously tried not to stray too far, but instead, time and again, attempted to relate the study directly to the discipline and the profession of Social Work. In conclusion the writer thought it fitting to point to other (cognate) perspectives on her subject. The sociologist Max Weber, for instance, provides good frameworks within which protocol should be studied.

This dissertation is a study of the concept of etiquette in the monastic law codes of early Indian Buddhism. This category of texts, called vinaya, is considered within and outside of the tradition to be based on Buddhist ethical ideals. However, vinaya texts also contain a great deal of material that appears to be inherited from pre-Buddhist cultural habits, and is not uniquely Buddhist. That material is useful to us in reconstructing the world of early Buddhists, as literary examples of the kinds of interaction Buddhists portrayed themselves having with Brāhmaṇas, Kṣatriyas, and various political and kinship groups in premodern India. The degree to which this body of literature is representative of actual historical situations is open to debate, but the texts arguably illustrate an ideal of behaviour in social relationships. Etiquette in general manifests as a kind of public performance involving respect for boundaries and acknowledgment of social roles. The various rituals that are considered to embody etiquette in any particular culture often look arbitrary from the outside, yet there is always an internal logic that helps to determine which behaviours are considered appropriate and which are “impolite.” I argue here that the etiquette rituals of early Indian Buddhist monastics are modeled on a conception of disgust that Buddhists shared with various other Sanskritic cultures of premodern northern India. I employ some of the ideas from linguistic politeness and from contemporary theories of disgust to help in my analysis of these premodern law codes. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) / This dissertation is a study of the concept of etiquette in the monastic law codes of early Indian Buddhism. This category of texts, called vinaya, is considered within and outside of the tradition to be based on Buddhist ethical ideals. However, vinaya texts also contain a great deal of material that appears to be inherited from pre-Buddhist cultural habits, and is not uniquely Buddhist. That material is useful to us in reconstructing the world of early Buddhists, as literary examples of the kinds of interaction Buddhists portrayed themselves having with Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, and various political and kinship groups in premodern India. The degree to which this body of literature is representative of actual historical situations is open to debate, but the texts arguably illustrate an ideal of behaviour in social relationships. Etiquette in general manifests as a kind of public performance involving respect for boundaries and acknowledgment of social roles. The various rituals that are considered to embody etiquette in any particular culture often look arbitrary from the outside, yet there is always an internal logic that helps to determine which behaviours are considered appropriate and which are “impolite.” I argue here that the etiquette rituals of early Indian Buddhist monastics are modeled on a conception of disgust that Buddhists shared with various other Sanskritic cultures of premodern northern India. I employ some of the ideas from linguistic politeness and from contemporary theories of disgust to help in my analysis of these premodern law codes.

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 10, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. Laurel Wilson. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Queensland, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 2005. / "February 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 245-253).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, 2005. / "February 2005." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 245-253).