published_or_final_version / Sociology / Master / Master of Philosophy

在香港的英屬殖民時期，“混血兒（Eurasian）被限定為一個特別的種族分類。其身份在殖民主義和種族主義的多重迫力下被限定和汙名化，其社會境遇一路荊棘，深受社會道德機制的譴責與排斥。然而，在當代香港的後殖民語境中，混血兒的境遇發生了戲劇性的變化。“混血兒作為“種族分類(racial category)已然消失，現在則普遍以一種美化的象徵性身份（emblematic identity）概念而存在。人們對混血兒的認識亦脫離了種族與階級背景，而更多地建立在一種文化想像上。它甚至成為了“國際化的代名詞和“優生的標準之一，被媒體審美刻板化及商品化。本文觀察了香港混血兒在殖民時期與後殖民時期中的境遇變遷，通過研究“混血兒概念的建立、消失、和回潮，剖析“種族（race）是如何在不同語境中被建構的，並試圖解構種族理論、種族主義的政治、社會與文化淵源。 / Within Hong Kong, the term “Eurasian once designated a stigmatized racial category, a group of “natural aberrations that were positioned in an embarrassing social niche within colonial society. As a consequence of this, Eurasians experienced severe racism and intense social pressures. In keeping pace with the end of colonialism and the rise of the new global capitalist order, the racial category of “Eurasian has been abandoned. However, somewhat surprisingly, the status of Eurasians in this day and age has been dramatically reversed. It now only exists as a descriptive term for a desirable physical type, which is assumed, to some extent, to be emblematic of “natural beauty. Being “Eurasian has now become a locally imagined “superior result of reproduction. By examining the creation, decline, and recent rebirth of the concept of “Eurasian, I hope to raise several important questions about race. Applying historical research to the construction of race requires analysis of how shifting political and social power dynamics have shaped the realization and so-called “authenticity of the “Eurasian category. At a broader level, this study seeks to add to the debate about how the idea of “race is constrained by political, social and cultural factors, and how people culturally imagine “the science of race in different social contexts. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Deng, Yuanye. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 216-227). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Acknowledgment --- p.vi / Figure Caption --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Statement of the Problem and Scope of Research --- p.1 / Historical Background and Theoretical Context --- p.8 / Methodology --- p.26 / Chapter Overview --- p.30 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Eurasians in Early Colonial Hong Kong --- p.34 / Introduction --- p.35 / Stigmatization of Eurasians --- p.38 / Desiring to be Another: “Passing --- p.59 / Eurasians’ Roles in Colonial Hong Kong --- p.68 / Conclusion --- p.75 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- The Disappearance and the Return of “Eurasian --- p.80 / Introduction --- p.80 / Disappearance of “Eurasian in Post-colonial Hong Kong --- p.82 / The Return of “Eurasian --- p.96 / Conclusion --- p.106 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Eurasians in the Post-Colonial Period --- p.108 / Introduction --- p.108 / “Mixed Beauty: The Fantasized Idea of Eurasians --- p.111 / Approaching Eurasian Beauty --- p.132 / What Do Eurasians Think of the “Eurasian Look? --- p.142 / Conclusion --- p.147 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- The Contemporary Cultural Meaning of “Eurasian --- p.150 / Introduction --- p.150 / “Eurasian Beauty: A Locally Driven Aesthetic --- p.151 / The Cultural Meaning of “Eurasian Today --- p.161 / Living as a Eurasian in Contemporary Hong Kong --- p.167 / Conclusion --- p.184 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.188 / Racialized “Eurasian --- p.188 / Deconstructing the “Scientific Notion of Race --- p.204 / Bibliography --- p.216

published_or_final_version / English / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / Japanese Studies / Master / Master of Philosophy

從十九世紀中葉到二十世紀晚期，歐亞混血兒在香港的社會地位有很大的變化，從被人輕視到受到尊重，道路是漫長的。本文的研究對象羅何錦姿是這個年代成長的女性。身處在一個中西文化兼備的環境，作為一個歐亞混血女性，她的際遇會否與純中國血統的女子不同？ / 本文以何錦姿的家世--祖父母何仕文〈C. H. M. Bosman〉 和施氏，父親何東和母親張蓮覺在港發展經歷，到她成長、受父母培育、作父母的秘書和管家- 作為研究的起點；進而分析何錦姿與羅文錦的婚姻生活，如何與夫家成員相處及教導子女，深入了解香港歐亞混血兒的文化取向。 / 何錦姿繼承母親張蓮覺的遺志，用現代的管理方法發展寶覺學校，將香港女子教育的規模不斷擴充，從原先只設小學，到二十世紀五十年代開辦中學，再從職業中學發展為文法中學，可說是時代的先鋒，何錦姿治校的理念及方法是本文研究的另一重點。 / 何錦姿是本港首位女太平紳士。曾任各非牟利慈善機構如同仁會(Welfare League) 、保良局、拔萃女校、何東中學、中國婦女會顧問，她和上流社會的知名人士，如鄧肇堅、李兆基等的人脈關係對她的事業發展又有何影響，都是本文要探討的問題。 / From the mid-nineteenth century to the late twentieth century, there was an enormous change in the social status of Eurasians in Hong Kong from being slighted to gaining respect. The road was long and winding. The subject of this research, Lady Victoria Jubilee LO, was a woman born and raised in such an era. Did she, being a Eurasian living in a Chinese-cum-western environment, lead a life different from a woman of pure Chinese descent? / The thesis starts with a study of the family background of Victoria Jubilee LO, which includes: how her grandparents C. H. M. BOSMAN and Ms. SZE as well as her parents, Sir Robert HOTUNG and Ms. Clara CHEUNG, established themselves in Hong Kong; her upbringing; the education she received from her parents; and how she became the secretary and housekeeper to her parents. Furthermore, analyses are made of her married life with her husband, Sir M. K. LO; how she got along with members of her husband's family; and the way she taught her offspring. Through these analyses, a deeper understanding of the cultural orientations of Eurasians in Hong Kong can be obtained. / Inheriting the avowed dedication of her late mother, Ms. Clara CHEUNG, Victoria Jubilee LO employed the skills of modern management in running Po Kok School and continuously expanded its scale -- from a primary school to a secondary school in the mid-twentieth century, then to vocational school and ultimately to a grammar school. She can be regarded as a pioneer of her time. The rationale and methods behind the school management skills adopted by Victoria Jubilee is another focus of this thesis. / Victoria Jubilee LO was the first lady Justice of the Peace in Hong Kong. She has given her services to non-profit charitable organizations such as the Welfare League, Po Leung Kuk, trustee committees of Diocesan Girls' School and Ho Tung Secondary School, and also served as an honorary advisor to the Hong Kong Chinese Women Club. What influence did her connections with high society personalities such as Sir S. K. TANG and Mr. LEE Shau Kee have on the development of her career? These are all issues to be explored in this thesis. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 梁雄姬. / "2012年7月". / "2012 nian 7 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 125-139). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Liang Xiongji. / 內容撮要 --- p.頁4-5 / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 / Chapter 一. --- 研究背景 --- p.頁6-7 / Chapter 二. --- 前人研究回顧 --- p.頁8-12 / Chapter 三. --- 研究素材--政府檔案 --- p.頁12-14 / Chapter 四. --- 研究主題 --- p.頁15-18 / Chapter 第二章 --- 世系 / Chapter 一. --- 家族血統 --- p.頁19-24 / Chapter 二. --- 父親何東事業的冒升 --- p.頁24-33 / Chapter 三. --- 祖父的際遇對父親影響 --- p.頁33-37 / Chapter 四. --- 父母的熏陶 --- p.頁37-43 / Chapter 第三章 --- 羅何錦姿的成長 / Chapter 一. --- 死與生 --- p.頁44 / Chapter 二. --- 培育成才 --- p.頁45-51 / Chapter 三. --- 長女的天職 --- p.頁52-58 / Chapter 第四章 --- 婚姻和家庭主活 / Chapter 一. --- 父親何東與羅肇的情誼 --- p.頁59-60 / Chapter 二. --- 夫家羅文錦的家世 --- p.頁61-63 / Chapter 三. --- 夫婦相處之道 --- p.頁64-68 / Chapter 四. --- 養兒育女 --- p.頁69-76 / Chapter 第五章 --- 教育理念的建立與實踐：何錦姿與寶覺女子中學 / Chapter 一． --- 寶覺女子義學的創立 --- p.頁77-81 / Chapter 二． --- 女承母業 --- p.頁81-89 / Chapter 三． --- 寶覺學校的發展理念 / Chapter 1 --- 課程內容 --- p.頁90-95 / Chapter 2 --- 學校管理 --- p.頁95-97 / Chapter 3 --- 愛護師生 --- p.頁97-99 / Chapter 第六章 --- 羅何錦姿的社會角色 / Chapter 一． --- 以女性身份服務社會 --- p.頁100-104 / Chapter 二． --- 從參與歐混兒慈善組織到推動教育 --- p.頁105-108 / Chapter 三． --- 社交網絡與向上流動 --- p.頁109-112 / Chapter 第七章 --- 總結 --- p.頁113-120 / Chapter 附錄1 --- ：何東家族世系圖 --- p.頁121-126 / Chapter 附錄2 --- ：羅文錦家族世系圖 --- p.頁127-128 / 參考書目 --- p.頁129-143