The human colonization of worldwide landmasses occurred through complex patterns of dispersal and admixture. At the same time, the survival in the different areas of the world depended on the adaptation to new habitats that imposed novel selective challenges. With the advent of high-throughput genotyping technologies and dense catalogues of human genetic variation, the demographic history of many human populations has been unraveled from genomic data, with important implications in medical genetics. However, several human groups are yet to be genetically characterized. These incomplete past histories include the determination of ancestries of the current Cuban population, as well as the origins and dispersal of European Romani, whose demographic history is aimed to be reconstructed in this work. Finally, the present study also aims to describe the genetic basis and evolution of one of the most striking human phenotypes, the African Pygmy height. / La colonización humana de las diferentes masas continentales se produjo mediante complejos patrones de dispersión y mezcla. La supervivencia en las diversas regiones del planeta ha dependido de la adaptación a las presiones selectivas impuestas por los nuevos hábitats. Con el desarrollo de tecnologías de genotipado masivo y las bases de datos de la diversidad genética humana, la historia demográfica de muchas poblaciones humanas, y sus implicaciones médicas, han sido descritas. Sin embargo, algunas poblaciones todavía no han sido caracterizadas genéticamente. Por ejemplo, tanto la descomposición de la ancestría genética de la población cubana actual como los orígenes y la dispersión de los gitanos europeos siguen siendo historias incompletas que se han reconstruido en esta tesis. Finalmente, este estudio también tiene como objetivo describir la evolución y las bases genéticas de uno de los fenotipos humanos más llamativos, la altura de los pigmeos africanos.

INTERDIALECTAL COMPARISON OF LEXICAL BORROWINGS IN ROMANI III. SYNOPSIS This thesis deals with lexical borrowability in Romani dialects from the area of Central Europe. The comparison includes fifty local varieties spoken in Slovakia, Hungary, Poland and Ukraine. Fourty-eight of theese local varieties belong to the Central dialects group of Romani language, two of them belong to the North-Vlax dialects group. Data source was a transcript database of elicited questionnaries taken under the Language Atlas of Central Romani project. Using the Leipzig-Jakarta List of Basic Vocabulary for each variety, amount of borrowings, its semantic field and category, as well as donor language were observed in this comparison. The result of this work is new order of Leipzig-Jakarta List of Basic Vocabulary meanings, adopted to the Romani dialects spoken in Central Europe. IV. KEY-WORDS CATALOGUE Central European Romani, Romani dialects, lexical borrowings, lexical borrowability, Leipzig-Jakarta List of Basic Vocabulary, Language Atlas of Central Romani