Comparison of knowledge of the general and professional public on the protection of the population in the selected region. sufficient knowledge of public, no matter if general public or professionals in area of homeland security are required for preservation of secure environment for living. To process this thesis was first necessary to set goals. The goals of the study were stated as follows: - To define terms related to the protection of the population carried out in the Czech Republic. - To list conditions which the population must be protected from. - To list activities leading to improve homeland security and duties of responsible people. - To identify differences in knowledge of general and professional public on this issue - To compare the level of knowledge of specialists in homeland security and of general population based on proving or disproving the hypotheses about the level of knowledge. Firstly, to achieve the fundamental goal of this thesis was to create a structured overview of exceptional events that endanger life, health and property of population. Then were defined organisational and technical measures that have to prevent life loss, to mitigate the consequences that negatively affect health of population and minimize property damage. Based on the definition of all relevant aspects of homeland security was, under the supervision of a specialist in homeland security area, created a structured questionnaire which was subsequently applied by both the general and professional public. The form has been sent out to the group of 50 specialists and 50 unspecialized people. The existence of normal division of knowledge was verified among general population, while Poisson distribution was tested among specialists. During the measurement was also tested the difference between the knowledge of specialists and common people. To achieve the basic goal of the thesis were set three hypotheses, of which verification was based on descriptive and mathematical statistic methods. Hypotheses were set as follows: H1: The knowledge of homeland security area is spread by Poisson distribution function among specialists H2: The knowledge of homeland security area is spread by normal (Gaussian) distribution function among general population. H3: The level of knowledge of homeland security area of specialists is higher than general population's knowledge. The first hypothesis H1 was proved by 2 test and on its results was hypothesis H1 disproved. According to the statistic calculation the distribution of knowledge among specialists did not correspond to Poisson distribution, but theoretically is closer to Gaussian distribution. As for the second hypothesis, the distribution of the results of statistical measuring was compared to Gaussian distribution and by 2 test H2 was proved. The distribution of knowledge of the general public corresponds to Gaussian distribution. The third hypothesis was tested via a double-choose t-test method and based on its results it was found that there is a statistically significant difference between homeland security knowledge of specialists and general public. Hypothesis H3 was thus proved. The answers of respondents were presented by comparison bar charts of right answers of general and professional public, evaluated in discussion. At some of questions with big different results were described possible causes and offered changes for knowledge expansion. In the meaning of knowledge expansion there was created a feedback, sent backwards to respondents of statistic research. Attached to feedback is this diploma thesis.

Den ökade hotbilden har gjort att nya frågor har väckts till liv i samhället. Efter en sammanställning gjord av MSB och Polisen är nöjesliv och offentliga miljöer särskilt utsatta gällande dödlighet i attentat. Nöjesliv och offentliga miljöer kan kopplas till olika typer av evenemang. Vid attentat har arrangör, kommun, polis, räddningstjänst och sjukvård olika funktioner men tillsammans kan de utgöra en säkerhetsorganisation inför upprättandet av ett evenemang. Tillsammans i säkerhetsorganisationen kan alla aktörer bidra med sakkunskaper inom respektive ämnesområde.  Syftet med litteraturstudien har varit att undersöka människans beteendeskiljaktigheter mellan händelse av brand respektive attentat. Utöver beteende har också andra förutsättningar för att sätta sig i säkerhet undersökts. Avsikten med studien var att öka kunskapen och förståelsen av evenemangssäkerhet vid antagonistiska hot och terrorism i form av attentat i större folksamlingar.  Evenemangssäkerhet innefattar samarbetspartner som polis, räddningstjänst, ambulans, evenemangsansvarig och övriga aktörer. Följande frågeställningar har ställt i studien:   Vilka svårigheter möter man vid antagonistiska hot och större folksamlingar på evenemang? Hur skiljer sig beteendemönstret vid antagonistiska hot respektive brand? Kan beteendet påverka förmågan att söka sig till säkerhet? Finns det några brister vid planering av evenemang som påverkar säkerhetsförutsättningar som exempelvis inrymning, utrymning eller utestängning? Finns det tydliga åtgärder för att stärka säkerheten mot attentat på ett utomhusevenemang?  Studien behandlar enbart evenemang utomhus och jämför mot inomhusförutsättningar när regelverk saknas för utomhusförutsättningar. Studien har avgränsats till evenemang med höga personantal eller persontätheter i offentliga miljöer som gator, torg och andra ytor där evenemang genomförs. Utöver de nämnda avgränsningarna har studien kompletterats med observationer från händelser genom historien via video och ljudmaterial.  Den teoretiska referensramen för säkerhet innefattar bakgrund för både brand och attentat men även förutsättningar som påverkar utrymning, inrymning och utestängning. Användningsområdet för säkerhets-strategierna utrymning, inrymning och utestängning förklaras och förtydligas. Sammanfattningsvis finns det flera faktorer som påverkar förutsättningarna att sätta sig själv i säkerhet. Där är persontäthet, utrymningsvägar, hastigheter, kommunikation och beteende, faktorer som alla är avgörande i både inomhus- och utomhusförutsättningar.  Evenemangets säkerhetsarbete upprättas i samband med evenemangets olika faser. I upprättandet av evenemanget undersöker man bland annat på förutsättningar i utformning av platsen, skalskydd, beredskap och vilket förbyggande arbete som ska genomföras. Samtidigt undersöks utrymningsmöjligheter av ett område samt vilken samverkan som ska sättas i bruk. Samverkan kan bestå av säkerhet-, kris eller stabsorganisationen och tillämpas utifrån situationen. Utifrån förbestämda insatsplaner delas evenemangsområdet upp i olika zoner för att underlätta en insats.   Utifrån den bristande existensen av regler och reglering gällande evenemangsutformning samt upprättning så finns det flertal bristande i säkerhet på evenemang. Som arrangör finns det bra guider utgivna av MSB men idag är det brist på allmänna råd och lagstadgade utformningar av publik- och utrymningskapacitet.   Skyddade platser, offentliga miljöer, publikkommunikation, prövning av säkerhetspersonal och problematiken med panik är alla faktorer som är intressanta ur ett säkerhetsperspektiv. Utöver dessa faktorer så utreder studien paralleller mellan inomhus- och utomhusförutsättningar ur ett utrymningsperspektiv.  För att kunna erbjuda ett effektivt skydd på offentliga miljöer och evenemangsplatser krävs ett gott organisatoriskt och systematiskt arbete. Arbetet inkluderar allt från handlings-/åtgärdsplaner till utbildning. Övervakningskameror, farthinder och genomsökning av området är några exempel på fysiska skyddsåtgärder och hur en arrangör kan bygga skydd på djupet. / The increased threat level has raised new questions in society. According to a compilation made by MSB and the Police, public environment and entertainment are particularly vulnerable in term of mortality in attacks. Event and public environment can be linked to different types of events. In the event of an attack, the event organizer or manager, municipality, rescue service, police and ambulance have different functions. Together, they can form a security organization prior to the establishment of an event a thus contribute with expertise in their subject area. The purpose of the literature study has been to investigate the difference in human behavior between fire and attack events. In addition to behavior, other prerequisites for safety have been investigated. The purpose of the study was to increase the knowledge and understanding of event security in the event of antagonistic threats in the form of attacks in large crowds. Event security also includes partners such as the police, emergency services, ambulance, event manager and other stakeholders. The following questions have been posed in the study: What difficulties are encountered in the event of a attack and large crowd at events? How do behavioral pattern differ in the case of antagonistic threats versus fire that require safety measures. Can behavior affect the ability to seek safety? Are there any shortcomings in the planning of event that effect security conditions such as containment, evacuation, or exclusion? Are there clear measures to strengthen security against attacks at an outdoor event? The study only deals with outdoor events and compares only with indoor conditions as there are no regulations for outdoor. The study has been limited to events with high numbers or densities of people in public environments such as streets, squares, and other areas where events are held. In addition to the aforementioned limitations, the study has been supplemented with observation from events throughout history. The theoretical framework for security includes the background of  fire, attacks and conditions that affect evacuation, containment, and exclusion. The security strategies of evacuation, containment and exclusion are explained and clarified. In summary, there are several factors that affect the conditions for making oneself safe. There, crowd density, escape routes, speed, communications, and behavior are all factors that are crucial in both indoor and outdoor conditions. Event security work prepared in connections with the various phases of event. The preparation of the event includes checking the conditions for the design of the site, shell protection, preparedness, and the preventive work to be carried out. In the event of an accident, the possibilities for evacuation an area are examined, as well as the cooperation to be implemented by the security, crisis or staff organization based on the situation. Based on predetermined response plans, the event area is divided into different zones to facilitate the response. Due to the lack of rules and regulations regarding event design and set-up, there are several shortcomings in event security. As an organizer, there are good guides published by MSB, but today there is a lack of general advice and statutory designs of audience and evacuation capacity.   Sheltered places, public environments, public communication, crowd communications, security staff training and the problem of panic are topics discussed. Parallels between indoor and outdoor conditions are compared from an evacuation perspective.   Providing effective protection in public spaces and event venues require good organizational and systematic work. This work includes everything from action plans to training. Surveillance cameras, speed bumps and area searches are some examples how an organizer can achieve in-depth protection.