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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Responses and adaptations of young plants of dwarf coconut - green to soil salinity and waterlogging / Respostas e adaptaÃÃes de plantas jovens de coqueiro-anÃo-verde à salinidade do solo e encharcamento

Wiliana JÃlia Ferreira de Medeiros 22 March 2016 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The coconut crop in Brazil stands out for its economic and social importance. The coconut cultivation has been in troduced in several regions of the country, however, the Northeast stands out with the largest plantations and production. Currently, a major problem in the agricultural sector, especially in semi-arid regions, has been the process of soil salinization. This problem is accentuated by the use of water with high salt concentration. Another factor existing in saline environments is excess water, especially, in clay soils and with poor drainage. The use of species toler ant to salinity has been a recommended strategy, to promote the rehabilitati on of degraded soils by excess salts. Thus, the objective of this work, was to evaluate the effects of the associations between soil salinity and waterlogging, at the responses and adaptations of young plants of coconut. The work was conducted, in agreenhouse, in the experimental area of the Meteorological Station, Campus Pici, the Federal University of CearÃ, in FortalezaâCearÃ, a randomized block design arranged in split plot scheme, with five repetitions, was used.The variables on which the data were collected over time, the experimental design was arranged in split split plots. The plots were formed by five cycles of waterlogging (0; 1; 2; 3 e 4), to 30, 60, 90 e 120 days, lasting four days each cycle, and the subplots were constituted by the five levels of soil salinity (1.70; 11.07; 16.44; 22.14 e 25.20 dS/m). Biometric, physiological a nd nutritional variables were eva luated in plants. In the soil, were evaluated fertility and the electrical conductivity (EC). The growth inhibition of the seedlings was caused more by soil salinity, than by waterlogging. The effects of waterlogging on the growth of plants decreases, with increasing salinity. Gas exchanges were influenced, mainly, by the soil salinity factor, and these responses were related to stomatal causes and not stomatal. The salinity factor resulted in accumulation of P and K in the soil, consequence of lower growth and lower extraction by plants. The reduction in growth and leaf gas exchange is associated with o smotic effects, and an increase in foliar levels of potentially toxic ions (Na+and Cl-). The results did not evidenced nutritional deficiency induction. The coconut plants presented potential to be utilized in revegetation programs, in areas affected by salts, up to the salt level of 11.07 dS/m. / A cocoicultura, no Brasil, se destaca por sua importÃncia econÃmica e social. O cultivo do coqueiro vem sendo introduzido em vÃrias regiÃes do paÃs, e a regiÃo Nordeste se destaca com as maiores plantaÃÃes e produÃÃes. Atualmente, um dos principais problemas no setor agrÃcola, sobretudo, em regiÃes semiÃridas, vem sendo o processo de salinizaÃÃo dos solos. O problema à acentuado mediante a utilizaÃÃo de Ãguas com alta concentraÃÃo de sais. Outro fator existente nos ambientes salinos à o excesso de Ãgua, notadamente, em solos argilosos e com drenagem deficiente. A utilizaÃÃo de espÃcies vegetais tolerantes à salinidade tem sido uma estratÃgia recomendada para promover a reabilitaÃÃo de solos degradados pelo excesso de sais. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar os efeitos das associaÃÃes entre salinidade do solo e encharcamento, nas respostas e adaptaÃÃes de plantas jovens de coqueiro-anÃo-verde. O experimento foi conduzido, em ambiente protegido, na Ãrea experimental da EstaÃÃo AgrometeorolÃgica - Campus do Pici, da Universidade Federal do CearÃ, no municÃpio de Fortaleza â CearÃ, sob delineamento estatÃstico de blocos casualizados, arranjados em parcelas subdivididas com cinco repetiÃÃes. Nas variÃveis em que os dados foram coletados ao longo do tempo, o delineamento estatÃstico foi arranjado em parcelas subsubdivididas. As parcelas foram formadas por cinco ciclos de encharcamento (0; 1; 2; 3 e 4), aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias, com duraÃÃo de quatro dias cada ciclo, e as subparcelas foram constituÃdas por cinco nÃveis de salinidade do solo (1,70; 11,07; 16,44; 22,14 e 25,20 dS m-1). VariÃveis biomÃtricas, fisiolÃgicas e nutricionais foram avaliadas nas plantas. No solo, avaliaram-se a fertilidade e a condutividade elÃtrica (CE). A inibiÃÃo do crescimento das mudas foi ocasionada muito mais pela salinidade do solo, do que pelo encharcamento. Os efeitos do encharcamento do solo sobre o crescimento das mudas diminuiu, com aumento da salinidade. As trocas gasosas foram influenciadas, principalmente, pelo fator salinidade do solo, sendo que estas respostas foram relacionadas à causas estomÃticas e nÃo estomÃticas. O fator salinidade resultou em acÃmulo de P e K no solo, sendo consequÃncia do menor crescimento e da menor extraÃÃo pelas plantas. A reduÃÃo no crescimento e nas trocas gasosas foliares està associada aos efeitos osmÃticos, e ao aumento nos teores foliares de Ãons potencialmente tÃxicos (Na+ e Cl-). Os resultados nÃo evidenciaram induÃÃo de deficiÃncia nutricional. As plantas de coqueiro apresentaram potencial para serem utilizadas em programas de revegetaÃÃo, em Ãreas afetadas por sais, atà o nÃvel salino de 11,07 dS m-1.

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