Les molécules-aimants ou Single–Molécule Magnets (SMM) ont attiré une attention croissante au cours des dernières années en raison de leur potentiel attrayant en tant que dispositifs de stockage magnétique à haute densité. Beaucoup d'efforts ont été faits pour améliorer la performance magnétique de ces molécules à l’aide des techniques de chimie de coordination.Dans cette thèse, le travail est organisé en deux parties principales. La première partie est constituée des chapitres 2 et 3 qui se concentrent principalement sur les familles Lanthanide-radicaux zéro- et mono-dimensionnelles. La deuxième partie contient les chapitres 4 et 5, ou des ligands diamagnétiques sont utilisés afin concevoir des matériaux multifonctionnels.Dans la première partie, neuf radicaux TEMPO-R (R représente le substituant) sont utilisés. Leur structure cristalline, ainsi que leurs propriétés magnétiques ont été caractérisées. Dans le chapitre 2, quatre radicaux (TEMPO-OCH3, TEMPO-NH2 TEMPO-Acetamido et TEMPO-OCH2CCH) sont utilisés pour synthétiser des complexes zéro-dimensionnels, dont trois présentent des propriétés de SMM. Dans le cas particulier de TEMPO-OCH3, un très rare comportement de SMM avec lanthanides légers est observé (CeIII, PrIII et NdIII). La première SMM à base de PrIII est ainsi reportée. Dans le chapitre 3, l'objectif est de concevoir des SMM organisés mono-dimensionnellement dans l’empilement cristallin. Cinq autres radicaux sont utilisés: TEMPO-Méthacrylate, TEMPO-OCOPh, TEMPO-oxo, TEMPO-OH et TEMPO-CN. Parmi toutes les chaînes obtenues, [Pr(hfac)3(H2O)(TEMPO-OH)]n (17), [Dy(hfac)3-TEMPO-OH)]n (18) et [Tb(hfac)TEMPO-CN)]n (22) sont identifiés comme SMM. 22 présente la relaxation magnétique la plus lente parmi tous les SMM 4f-2p obtenues dans cette thèse, avec une d'hystérèse magnétique à basse température. Son analogue à base GdIII (23) présente une des plus grandes valeurs d'échange dans les composés de Gd-2p. Enfin un très rare exemple de réseau bidimensionnel 4f-2p de formule [(Ce(hfac)3)3(Oxo-TEMPO)4]n (15) est obtenu. Dans la deuxième partie, une chaine de dimère est obtenue par réaction d'un ligand carboxylique photo-commutable avec des sels d’ions LnIII. La photo-sensibilité du ligand sous irradiation UV a été testée et des mesures magnétiques en solution ont été entreprises. En outre, un composé de type Metal-Organic-Framework (MOF) présentant un comportement de SMM de {[Dy2(o-PDA)3(H2O)2]2H2O}n (28) a été conçu et caractérisé. Une interaction ferromagnétique Ln-Ln a été observée dans ce MOF-SMM et le dopage diamagnétique démontre que, contrairement à ce qui est observé sur [Ln(AZO)3(DMSO)(H2O)]2•4DMSO, cette interaction favorise le comportement de SMM. / Single-molecule-magnet (SMM) has attracted increasing attention in recent years due to their appealing potential for high-density storage devices. Much effort has been made to improve the magnetic performance through flexible coordination chemistry strategy.In this thesis, the work is organized in two main parts. The first part is constituted of chapter 2 and chapter 3, primarily focus on the Ln-Radical families aiming at designing zero-dimensional and one-dimensional single-molecule-magnet (SMM). The second part contains chapter 4 and chapter 5, in which the ligands are replaced by diamagnetic ones for the purpose of designing the multifunctional materials.In the first part, nine TEMPO-R (R represents the substituent) radicals are employed to construct zero-dimensional and one-dimensional complexes. These kinds of compounds were prepared by reactions in the dichloromethane/n-heptane co-solvents between the precursor [Ln(hfac)3(H2O)2] and TEMPO radicals. Subsequently their molecular structure as well as magnetic properties have been characterized and described. In chapter 2, four radicals (TEMPO-OCH3, TEMPO-NH2 TEMPO-Acetamido and TEMPO-OCH2CCH) are used to synthesize monometallic or dimetallic complexes, among which three are successful to construct the SMM. For the special case of TEMPO-OCH3 a rare light lanthanide ions (CeIII, PrIII and NdIII) SMM behavior is reported. The PrIII derivative is the first PrIII-based SMM ever reported. In chapter 3, the target is to design SMM in one dimension by using another five radicals: TEMPO-Methacrylate, TEMPO-OCOPh, TEMPO-oxo, TEMPO-OH and TEMPO-CN. Among all the chains, [Pr(hfac)3(H2O)(TEMPO-OH)]n (17), [Dy(hfac)3-TEMPO-OH)]n (18) and [Tb(hfac)3(TEMPO-CN)]n (22) are identified as chains of SMM. 22 exhibits the slowest magnetic relaxation among all the 4f-2p SMMs obtained in this thesis, with a small opening of magnetic hysteresis. Its analogue of [Gd(hfac)3(TEMPO-CN)]n (23) even exhibits one of the largest exchange values in Gd-2p compounds. Last a very rare example of bidimensional 4f-2p network of formula [(Ce(hfac)3)3(Oxo-TEMPO)4]n (15) is obtained.In chapter 4, the salt of a photo-switchable carboxylic ligand was reacted with LnIII ions to afford a chain-like arrangement of dinuclear complexes of formula [Ln(AZO)3(DMSO)(H2O)]2•4DMSO. Photo-sensitivity of the ligand under the irradiation of UV has been tested together with magnetic measurements in solution. In chapter 5, a Metal-Organic-Framework (MOF) (28) has been designed and characterized. Ln-Ln ferromagnetic interaction has been observed and diamagnetic doping highlight that, contrary to what observed on [Ln(AZO)3(DMSO)(H2O)]2•4DMSO, this interaction promote SMM behavior in a so-called MOF-SMM.

This thesis focuses on investigating the possible x-ray illumination effects on the magnetic domain memory (MDM) in magnetic [Co/Pd]IrMn multilayers. In this material, MDM is induced via exchange couplings between the ferromagnetic Co/Pd layer and the antiferromagnetic IrMn layer. To carry out this investigation, we have used magneto-transport and x-ray resonant magnetic scattering. The use of magneto-transport in-situ at synchrotron x-ray scattering facility has allowed us to follow the gradual effect of x-ray illumination on the amount of exchange bias, initially present after field cooling the material. With our in-situ measurements we have been able to see that x-ray illumination does have an effect on the strength of exchange couplings in our material. To support this observation, we have also carried out complementary measurements at home in a cryomagnet, at various temperatures between 300K and 25K, and in a variety of configurations.

Esta tese relata um estudo pormenorizado, efetuado através da técnica de Ressonância Paramagnética Eletrônica (RPE) em bandas X (~ 9.5 GHz) e Q (~ 34.5 GHz), de amostras nas formas cristalina e pulverizada dos compostos dinucleares Cu2(TzTs)4, C40H36Cu2N8O8S8, e [Cu(flu)2DMF]2, C62H50Cu2F12N6O10. Tratamentos meticulosos dos espectros de RPE pertinentes a tais compostos propiciaram determinar tanto o parâmetro de interação antiferromagnética, J0, entre pares de íons Cu(II) existentes em uma unidade dinuclear (Hex = J0 S1·S2) como também os valores principais alusivos às matrizes g e D; onde a primeira refere-se à interação Zeeman [Hz = BB0(g1·S1 + g2·S2)] e a última reporta as interações spin-spin anisotrópicas (Hani = S1·D·S2) entre pares de íons Cu(II) presentes em uma unidade dinuclear. Ademais, medidas de RPE realizadas com um monocristal do composto Cu2(TzTs)4 permitiram detectar e estimar, no contexto interdinuclear, o fraco acoplamento de exchange, |J\'| = (0.060 ± 0.015) cm-1, existente entre unidades dinucleares vizinhas: este acoplamento existente entre uma unidade dinuclear e o meio randômico constituído pelas unidades dinucleares vizinhas conduz à decoerência (i.e. uma transição de fase quântica que colapsa a interação dipolar quando a magnitude do acoplamento de exchange isotrópico entre as unidades dinucleares vizinhas iguala-se à magnitude do acoplamento dipolar intradinuclear). No âmbito concernente ao composto [Cu(flu)2DMF]2, foi possível simular acuradamente as sete linhas de ressonância características do desdobramento hiperfino advindo de n = 2 núcleos equivalentes de centros paramagnéticos Cu2+ (I = 3/2) e, por conseguinte, os valores principais pertinentes à matriz de interação hiperfina A (Hhyper = S1·A·I1 + S2·A·I2) puderam ser precisamente determinados. / We report detailed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) studies at X-band (~ 9.5 GHz) and Q-band (~ 34.5 GHz) of powder and single-crystal samples of the dinuclear compounds Cu2(TzTs)4, C40H36Cu2N8O8S8, and [Cu(flu)2DMF]2, C62H50Cu2F12N6O10. Meticulous investigations of their EPR data allow determining the antiferromagnetic interaction parameter, J0, between Cu(II) ions in the dinuclear unit (Hex = J0 S1·S2) as well as the principal values of both matrices g and D, where the first one is related to the Zeeman interaction [Hz = BB0(g1·S1 + g2·S2)] and the latter is associated with the anisotropic spin-spin interactions (Hani = S1·D·S2) between Cu(II) ion pairs in a dinuclear unit. In addition, EPR measurements of single-crystal samples of the compound Cu2(TzTs)4 allow detecting and estimating very weak exchange couplings between neighbour dinuclear units with an estimated magnitude |J\'| = (0.060 ± 0.015) cm-1: this coupling with the environment leads to decoherence (i.e. a quantum phase transition that collapses the dipolar interaction when the isotropic exchange coupling with neighbor dinuclear units equals the magnitude of the intradinuclear dipolar coupling). With reference to [Cu(flu)2DMF]2 compound, it was possible to simulate precisely the seven-line copper hyperfine splitting arising from n = 2 nonequivalent nuclei related to paramagnetic Cu2+ (I = 3/2) centers and, as a consequence of these accurate simulations, the principal values of the hyperfine interaction matrix A (Hhyper = S1·A·I1 + S2·A·I2) could be reliably obtained.

Esta tese relata um estudo pormenorizado, efetuado através da técnica de Ressonância Paramagnética Eletrônica (RPE) em bandas X (~ 9.5 GHz) e Q (~ 34.5 GHz), de amostras nas formas cristalina e pulverizada dos compostos dinucleares Cu2(TzTs)4, C40H36Cu2N8O8S8, e [Cu(flu)2DMF]2, C62H50Cu2F12N6O10. Tratamentos meticulosos dos espectros de RPE pertinentes a tais compostos propiciaram determinar tanto o parâmetro de interação antiferromagnética, J0, entre pares de íons Cu(II) existentes em uma unidade dinuclear (Hex = J0 S1·S2) como também os valores principais alusivos às matrizes g e D; onde a primeira refere-se à interação Zeeman [Hz = BB0(g1·S1 + g2·S2)] e a última reporta as interações spin-spin anisotrópicas (Hani = S1·D·S2) entre pares de íons Cu(II) presentes em uma unidade dinuclear. Ademais, medidas de RPE realizadas com um monocristal do composto Cu2(TzTs)4 permitiram detectar e estimar, no contexto interdinuclear, o fraco acoplamento de exchange, |J\'| = (0.060 ± 0.015) cm-1, existente entre unidades dinucleares vizinhas: este acoplamento existente entre uma unidade dinuclear e o meio randômico constituído pelas unidades dinucleares vizinhas conduz à decoerência (i.e. uma transição de fase quântica que colapsa a interação dipolar quando a magnitude do acoplamento de exchange isotrópico entre as unidades dinucleares vizinhas iguala-se à magnitude do acoplamento dipolar intradinuclear). No âmbito concernente ao composto [Cu(flu)2DMF]2, foi possível simular acuradamente as sete linhas de ressonância características do desdobramento hiperfino advindo de n = 2 núcleos equivalentes de centros paramagnéticos Cu2+ (I = 3/2) e, por conseguinte, os valores principais pertinentes à matriz de interação hiperfina A (Hhyper = S1·A·I1 + S2·A·I2) puderam ser precisamente determinados. / We report detailed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) studies at X-band (~ 9.5 GHz) and Q-band (~ 34.5 GHz) of powder and single-crystal samples of the dinuclear compounds Cu2(TzTs)4, C40H36Cu2N8O8S8, and [Cu(flu)2DMF]2, C62H50Cu2F12N6O10. Meticulous investigations of their EPR data allow determining the antiferromagnetic interaction parameter, J0, between Cu(II) ions in the dinuclear unit (Hex = J0 S1·S2) as well as the principal values of both matrices g and D, where the first one is related to the Zeeman interaction [Hz = BB0(g1·S1 + g2·S2)] and the latter is associated with the anisotropic spin-spin interactions (Hani = S1·D·S2) between Cu(II) ion pairs in a dinuclear unit. In addition, EPR measurements of single-crystal samples of the compound Cu2(TzTs)4 allow detecting and estimating very weak exchange couplings between neighbour dinuclear units with an estimated magnitude |J\'| = (0.060 ± 0.015) cm-1: this coupling with the environment leads to decoherence (i.e. a quantum phase transition that collapses the dipolar interaction when the isotropic exchange coupling with neighbor dinuclear units equals the magnitude of the intradinuclear dipolar coupling). With reference to [Cu(flu)2DMF]2 compound, it was possible to simulate precisely the seven-line copper hyperfine splitting arising from n = 2 nonequivalent nuclei related to paramagnetic Cu2+ (I = 3/2) centers and, as a consequence of these accurate simulations, the principal values of the hyperfine interaction matrix A (Hhyper = S1·A·I1 + S2·A·I2) could be reliably obtained.