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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Irregular behavior in an excitatory-inhibitory network

Park, Choongseok 16 July 2007 (has links)
No description available.
2

Unraveling the impact of IL1RAPL1 mutations on synapse formation : towards potential therapies for intellectual disability / Exploration de l’impact des mutations dans IL1RAPL1 sur la formation et la fonction des synapses : vers des thérapies potentielles pour la déficience intellectuelle

Ramos, Mariana 09 October 2015 (has links)
L’intégrité des synapses neuronales est primordiale pour le développement et le maintien des capacités cognitives. Des mutations dans des gènes codant pour des protéines synaptiques ont été trouvées chez des patients atteints de déficience intellectuelle (DI), qui est une maladie neurodéveloppementale ayant des conséquences sur les fonctions intellectuelles et adaptatives. Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’étude de l’un de ces gènes, IL1RAPL1, dont les mutations sont responsables d’une forme non-syndromique de DI liée au chromosome X, et sur le rôle de la protéine IL1RAPL1 dans la formation et le fonctionnement des synapses. IL1RAPL1 est une protéine trans-membranaire qui est localisée dans les synapses excitatrices où elle interagit avec les protéines post-synaptiques PSD-95, RhoGAP2 et Mcf2l. De plus, IL1RAPL1 interagit en trans- avec une protéine phosphatase présynaptique, PTPd, via son domaine extracellulaire. Nous avons étudié les conséquences fonctionnelles de deux nouvelles mutations qui affectent le domaine extracellulaire d’IL1RAPL1 chez des patients présentant une DI. Ces mutations conduisent soit à une diminution de l’expression de la protéine, soit à une réduction de l’interaction avec PTPd affectant ainsi la capacité d’IL1RAPL1 à induire la formation de synapses excitatrices. En absence d’IL1RAPL1, le nombre ou la fonction des synapses excitatrices est diminué, ce qui mène à un déséquilibre entre les transmissions synaptiques excitatrice et inhibitrice dans des régions spécifiques du cerveau. Dans le cas particulier de l’amygdale latérale, nous avons montré que ce déséquilibre conduit à des défauts de mémoire associative chez la souris déficiente en Il1rapl1. L’ensemble des résultats qui font partie de ce travail montre que l’interaction IL1RAPL1/PTPd est essentielle pour la formation des synapses et suggère que les déficits cognitifs des patients avec une mutation dans il1rapl1 proviennent du déséquilibre de la balance excitation/ inhibition. Ces observations ouvrent des perspectives thérapeutiques visant à rétablir cette balance dans les réseaux neuronaux affectés. / Preserving the integrity of neuronal synapses is important for the development and maintenance of cognitive capacities. Mutations on a growing number of genes coding for synaptic proteins are associated with intellectual disability (ID), a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by deficits in adaptive and intellectual functions. The present work is dedicated to the study of one of those genes, IL1RAPL1, and the role of its encoding protein in synapse formation and function. IL1RAPL1 is a trans-membrane protein that is localized at excitatory synapses, where it interacts with the postsynaptic proteins PSD-95, RhoGAP2 and Mcf2l. Moreover, the extracellular domain of IL1RAPL1 interacts trans-synaptically with the presynaptic phosphatase PTPd. We studied the functional consequences of two novel mutations identified in ID patients affecting this IL1RAPL1 domain. Those mutations lead either to a decrease of the protein expression or of its interaction with PTPd, affecting in both cases the IL1RAPL1-mediated excitatory synapse formation. In the absence of IL1RAPL1, the number or function of excitatory synapses is perturbed, leading to an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmissions in specific brain circuits. In particular, we showed that this imbalance in the lateral amygdala results in associative memory deficits in mice lacking Il1rapl1. Altogether, the results included in this work show that IL1RAPL1/PTPd interaction is essential for synapse formation and suggest that the cognitive deficits in ID patients with mutations on IL1RAPL1 result from the imbalance of the excitatory and inhibitory transmission. These observations open therapeutic perspectives aiming to reestablish this balance in the affected neuronal circuits.
3

Unraveling the impact of IL1RAPL1 mutations on synapse formation : towards potential therapies for intellectual disability / Exploration de l’impact des mutations dans IL1RAPL1 sur la formation et la fonction des synapses : vers des thérapies potentielles pour la déficience intellectuelle

Ramos, Mariana 09 October 2015 (has links)
L’intégrité des synapses neuronales est primordiale pour le développement et le maintien des capacités cognitives. Des mutations dans des gènes codant pour des protéines synaptiques ont été trouvées chez des patients atteints de déficience intellectuelle (DI), qui est une maladie neurodéveloppementale ayant des conséquences sur les fonctions intellectuelles et adaptatives. Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’étude de l’un de ces gènes, IL1RAPL1, dont les mutations sont responsables d’une forme non-syndromique de DI liée au chromosome X, et sur le rôle de la protéine IL1RAPL1 dans la formation et le fonctionnement des synapses. IL1RAPL1 est une protéine trans-membranaire qui est localisée dans les synapses excitatrices où elle interagit avec les protéines post-synaptiques PSD-95, RhoGAP2 et Mcf2l. De plus, IL1RAPL1 interagit en trans- avec une protéine phosphatase présynaptique, PTPd, via son domaine extracellulaire. Nous avons étudié les conséquences fonctionnelles de deux nouvelles mutations qui affectent le domaine extracellulaire d’IL1RAPL1 chez des patients présentant une DI. Ces mutations conduisent soit à une diminution de l’expression de la protéine, soit à une réduction de l’interaction avec PTPd affectant ainsi la capacité d’IL1RAPL1 à induire la formation de synapses excitatrices. En absence d’IL1RAPL1, le nombre ou la fonction des synapses excitatrices est diminué, ce qui mène à un déséquilibre entre les transmissions synaptiques excitatrice et inhibitrice dans des régions spécifiques du cerveau. Dans le cas particulier de l’amygdale latérale, nous avons montré que ce déséquilibre conduit à des défauts de mémoire associative chez la souris déficiente en Il1rapl1. L’ensemble des résultats qui font partie de ce travail montre que l’interaction IL1RAPL1/PTPd est essentielle pour la formation des synapses et suggère que les déficits cognitifs des patients avec une mutation dans il1rapl1 proviennent du déséquilibre de la balance excitation/ inhibition. Ces observations ouvrent des perspectives thérapeutiques visant à rétablir cette balance dans les réseaux neuronaux affectés. / Preserving the integrity of neuronal synapses is important for the development and maintenance of cognitive capacities. Mutations on a growing number of genes coding for synaptic proteins are associated with intellectual disability (ID), a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by deficits in adaptive and intellectual functions. The present work is dedicated to the study of one of those genes, IL1RAPL1, and the role of its encoding protein in synapse formation and function. IL1RAPL1 is a trans-membrane protein that is localized at excitatory synapses, where it interacts with the postsynaptic proteins PSD-95, RhoGAP2 and Mcf2l. Moreover, the extracellular domain of IL1RAPL1 interacts trans-synaptically with the presynaptic phosphatase PTPd. We studied the functional consequences of two novel mutations identified in ID patients affecting this IL1RAPL1 domain. Those mutations lead either to a decrease of the protein expression or of its interaction with PTPd, affecting in both cases the IL1RAPL1-mediated excitatory synapse formation. In the absence of IL1RAPL1, the number or function of excitatory synapses is perturbed, leading to an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmissions in specific brain circuits. In particular, we showed that this imbalance in the lateral amygdala results in associative memory deficits in mice lacking Il1rapl1. Altogether, the results included in this work show that IL1RAPL1/PTPd interaction is essential for synapse formation and suggest that the cognitive deficits in ID patients with mutations on IL1RAPL1 result from the imbalance of the excitatory and inhibitory transmission. These observations open therapeutic perspectives aiming to reestablish this balance in the affected neuronal circuits.
4

Unraveling the impact of IL1RAPL1 mutations on synapse formation : towards potential therapies for intellectual disability / Exploration de l’impact des mutations dans IL1RAPL1 sur la formation et la fonction des synapses : vers des thérapies potentielles pour la déficience intellectuelle

Ramos, Mariana 09 October 2015 (has links)
L’intégrité des synapses neuronales est primordiale pour le développement et le maintien des capacités cognitives. Des mutations dans des gènes codant pour des protéines synaptiques ont été trouvées chez des patients atteints de déficience intellectuelle (DI), qui est une maladie neurodéveloppementale ayant des conséquences sur les fonctions intellectuelles et adaptatives. Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’étude de l’un de ces gènes, IL1RAPL1, dont les mutations sont responsables d’une forme non-syndromique de DI liée au chromosome X, et sur le rôle de la protéine IL1RAPL1 dans la formation et le fonctionnement des synapses. IL1RAPL1 est une protéine trans-membranaire qui est localisée dans les synapses excitatrices où elle interagit avec les protéines post-synaptiques PSD-95, RhoGAP2 et Mcf2l. De plus, IL1RAPL1 interagit en trans- avec une protéine phosphatase présynaptique, PTPd, via son domaine extracellulaire. Nous avons étudié les conséquences fonctionnelles de deux nouvelles mutations qui affectent le domaine extracellulaire d’IL1RAPL1 chez des patients présentant une DI. Ces mutations conduisent soit à une diminution de l’expression de la protéine, soit à une réduction de l’interaction avec PTPd affectant ainsi la capacité d’IL1RAPL1 à induire la formation de synapses excitatrices. En absence d’IL1RAPL1, le nombre ou la fonction des synapses excitatrices est diminué, ce qui mène à un déséquilibre entre les transmissions synaptiques excitatrice et inhibitrice dans des régions spécifiques du cerveau. Dans le cas particulier de l’amygdale latérale, nous avons montré que ce déséquilibre conduit à des défauts de mémoire associative chez la souris déficiente en Il1rapl1. L’ensemble des résultats qui font partie de ce travail montre que l’interaction IL1RAPL1/PTPd est essentielle pour la formation des synapses et suggère que les déficits cognitifs des patients avec une mutation dans il1rapl1 proviennent du déséquilibre de la balance excitation/ inhibition. Ces observations ouvrent des perspectives thérapeutiques visant à rétablir cette balance dans les réseaux neuronaux affectés. / Preserving the integrity of neuronal synapses is important for the development and maintenance of cognitive capacities. Mutations on a growing number of genes coding for synaptic proteins are associated with intellectual disability (ID), a neurodevelopmental disease characterized by deficits in adaptive and intellectual functions. The present work is dedicated to the study of one of those genes, IL1RAPL1, and the role of its encoding protein in synapse formation and function. IL1RAPL1 is a trans-membrane protein that is localized at excitatory synapses, where it interacts with the postsynaptic proteins PSD-95, RhoGAP2 and Mcf2l. Moreover, the extracellular domain of IL1RAPL1 interacts trans-synaptically with the presynaptic phosphatase PTPd. We studied the functional consequences of two novel mutations identified in ID patients affecting this IL1RAPL1 domain. Those mutations lead either to a decrease of the protein expression or of its interaction with PTPd, affecting in both cases the IL1RAPL1-mediated excitatory synapse formation. In the absence of IL1RAPL1, the number or function of excitatory synapses is perturbed, leading to an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmissions in specific brain circuits. In particular, we showed that this imbalance in the lateral amygdala results in associative memory deficits in mice lacking Il1rapl1. Altogether, the results included in this work show that IL1RAPL1/PTPd interaction is essential for synapse formation and suggest that the cognitive deficits in ID patients with mutations on IL1RAPL1 result from the imbalance of the excitatory and inhibitory transmission. These observations open therapeutic perspectives aiming to reestablish this balance in the affected neuronal circuits.
5

Behavioral and Functional Analysis of a Calcium Channelopathy in Caenorhaditis elegans

Huang, Yung-Chi 04 April 2017 (has links)
The brain network is a multiscale hierarchical organization from neurons and local circuits to macroscopic brain areas. The precise synaptic transmission at each synapse is therefore crucial for neural communication and the generation of orchestrated behaviors. Activation of presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels (CaV2) initiates synaptic vesicle release and plays a key role in neurotransmission. In this dissertation, I have aimed to uncover how CaV2 activity affects synaptic transmission, circuit function and behavioral outcomes using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model. The C. elegans genome encodes an ensemble of highly conserved neurotransmission machinery, providing an opportunity to study the molecular mechanisms of synaptic function in a powerful genetic system. I identified a novel gain of function CaV2α1 mutation that causes CaV2 channels to activate at a lower membrane potential and slow the inactivation. Cell-specific expression of these gain-of-function CaV2 channels is sufficient to hyper-activate neurons of interest, offering a way to study their roles in a given circuit. CaV2(gf) mutants display behavioral hyperactivity and an excitation-dominant synaptic transmission. Imbalanced excitation and inhibition of the nervous system have been associated with several neurological disorders, including Familial Hemiplegic Migraine type 1 (FHM1) which is caused by gain- of-function mutations in the human CaV2.1α1 gene. I showed that animals carrying C. elegans CaV2α1 transgenes with corresponding human FHM1 mutations recapitulate the hyperactive behavioral phenotype exhibited by CaV2(gf) mutants, strongly suggesting the molecular function of CaV2 channels is highly conserved from C. elegans to human. Through performing a genome-wide forward genetic screen looking for CaV2α(gf) suppressors, we isolated new alleles of genes that required for CaV2 trafficking, localization and function. These regulators include subunits of CaV2 channel complex, components of synaptic and dense core vesicle release machinery as well as predicted extracellular proteins. Taken together, this work advances the understanding of CaV2 malfunction at both cellular and circuit levels, and provides a genetically amenable model for neurological disorders associated with excitation-inhibition imbalance. Additionally, through identifying regulators of CaV2, this research provides new avenues for understanding the CaV2 channel mediated neurotransmission and potential pharmacological targets for the treatments of calcium channelopathies.
6

Transient and Attractor Dynamics in Models for Odor Discrimination

Ahn, Sungwoo 31 August 2010 (has links)
No description available.
7

Neurodevelopmental alterations in a mouse model of maternal immune activation / Altérations neurodéveloppementales dans un modèle murin d'activation immunitaire maternelle

Fernandez, Amandine 26 June 2018 (has links)
Les études épidémiologiques ont démontré un risque accru d’autisme chez les enfants nés d’une mère hospitalisée pour infection au cours de la grossesse. L’imitation d’une infection virale dans le but de déclencher une Activation Immunitaire Maternelle (MIA) a été réalisé avec succès dans des modèles animaux. Ceci a démontré qu’une MIA conduit à des altérations physiologiques et comportementales sur le long terme. Notre but consistait à étudier la présence de séquelles néonatales chez des souris nées de mère MIA. Nous avons observé que la MIA altère l’activité et la morphologie des neurones dès la naissance, et que ces modifications restaient présentes dans les animaux âgés de deux semaines. La MIA subie au cours de la grossesse altère donc les neurones dès la naissance. / Epidemiological studies have shown an increased risk for autism in children born from mothers hospitalized for infection during pregnancy. Mimicking a maternal infection during pregnancy to trigger a Maternal Immune Activation (MIA) has been successfully achieved in animal models, showing that it leads to long term physiological and behavioural alterations. Our goal was to investigate neonatal sequels in MIA mice offspring. We found that already at birth MIA alters neuronal activity and morphology, and these changes were still present in two-week-old animals. Consequently, MIA during pregnancy alters neurons already at birth.
8

Binaural mechanism revealed with in vivo whole cell patch clamp recordings in the inferior colliculus

Li, Na, 1980 Oct. 2- 02 February 2011 (has links)
Many cells in the inferior colliculus (IC) are excited by contralateral and inhibited by ipsilateral stimulation and are thought to be important for sound localization. These excitatory-inhibitory (EI) cells comprise a diverse group, even though they exhibit a common binaural response property. Previous extracellular studies proposed specific excitatory and/or inhibitory events that should be evoked by each ear and thereby generate each of the EI discharge properties. The proposals were inferences based on the well established response features of neurons in lower nuclei, the projections of those nuclei, their excitatory or inhibitory neurochemistry, and the changes in response features that occurred when inhibition was blocked. Here we recorded the inputs, the postsynaptic potentials, discharges evoked by monaural and binaural signals in EI cells with in vivo whole cell recordings from the inferior colliculus (IC) of awake bats. We also computed the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic conductances from the recorded sound evoked responses. First, we showed that a minority of EI cells either inherited their binaural property from a lower binaural nucleus or the EI property was created in the IC via inhibitory projections from the ipsilateral ear, features consistent with those observed in extracellular studies. Second, we showed that in a majority of EI cells ipsilateral signals evoked subthreshold EPSPs that behaved paradoxically in that EPSP amplitudes increased with intensity, even though binaural signals with the same ipsilateral intensities generated progressively greater spike suppressions. These ipsilateral EPSPs were unexpected since they could not have been detected with extracellular recordings. These additional responses suggested that the circuitry underlying EI cells was more complex than previously suggested. We also proposed the functional significance of ipsilaterally evoked EPSPs in responding to moving sound sources or multiple sounds. Third, by computing synaptic conductances, we showed the circuitry of the EI cells was even more complicated than those suggested by PSPs, and we also evaluated how the binaural property was produced by the contralateral and ipsilateral synaptic events. / text
9

Inferred Response Properties of the Synaptic Inputs Underlying Duration-Tuned Neurons in the Big Brown Bat / Response Properties of Inputs to Duration-Tuned Neurons

Valdizon-Rodriguez, Roberto January 2019 (has links)
Duration tuning in the mammalian inferior colliculus (IC) is created by the interaction of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. We used extracellular recording and paired-tone stimulation to measure the strength and time-course of the contralateral inhibition and offset-evoked excitation underlying duration-tuned neurons (DTNs) in the IC of the awake bat. The onset time of a short, best duration (BD), excitatory probe tone was varied relative to the onset of a longer-duration, non-excitatory (NE) suppressor tone. Spikes evoked by the roving BD tone were suppressed or facilitated when the stationary NE tone was varied in frequency or amplitude. When the NE tone frequency was presented away from the cell’s best excitatory frequency (BEF) or at lower SPLs, the onset of inhibition was relatively constant whereas the offset and duration of inhibition decreased. Excitatory and inhibitory frequency response areas were measured and best inhibitory frequencies matched best excitatory frequencies; however, inhibitory bandwidths were broader than excitatory bandwidths. Excitatory rate-level and inhibitory suppression-level functions were also measured and the dynamic ranges and inflection points were similar, which is hypothesized to play a role in the level tolerance of responses measured from DTNs. We compared the latency of offset-locked facilitation to the onset or offset of inhibition as a function of frequency and amplitude; we found that the facilitation was more related to the onset of inhibition. Moreover, facilitation typically preceded the offset of inhibition – suggesting that it is a separate excitatory input to DTNs and not a rebound from inhibition. We conclude that DTNs receive inputs that generate and preserve temporal selectivity. / Dissertation / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

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