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The thesis examines the phenomenon of the positive philosophy of exile in contemporary literature on the basis of Stefan Themerson's fiction. Themerson's positive attitude to exile and its antecedents--the Stoic ideal of "cosmopolis" and its eighteenth-century transformations--are compared to the views on expatriation expressed by another exiled writer, Witold Gombrowicz, to the moral philosophy of Bertrand Russell, and to the ideology of the twentieth-century avant-garde. / Within emigre literature the works marked by the positive philosophy of exile are treated as a separate form to be distinguished from the works in which exile is only a theme. The positive philosopher of exile bases his optimism on scepticism and the recognition of the arbitrariness of human values. The thesis claims that, although far from being universally true and free from weaknesses, the positive philosophy of exile has a genuine claim to validity as an attempt to contribute to the process of bridging cultural differences without compromising cultural diversity.

This PhD adopts an oral history approach to explore the importance of the Ethiopian coffee Buna ceremony in the lives of the participant Ethiopian forced miwants living in exile in London, UK. A primary objective was to place the personal oral testimonies and narratives within a rigorous research and ethical framework allowing the voice of the individual and community to be central to the process and recording the stories, histories and experiences of this much under-represented group within the field of migration and refugee studies. A central aim was to deepen our understanding of the significance of cultural traditions and rituals in the construction of identity, and to obtain a unique insight into the Ethiopian passion for the ritual 'Buna' ceremony as indicated by the fact that it remains a significant practice in exile. One of the key objectives was to explore how issues of gender, age, identity and well-being are maintained, transformed and challenged in exile within the context of re-settlement and more specifically in relation to the impact of the Buna ceremony on this complex, dynamic and challenging process. Finally, this research aims to explore the mental well-being issues facing the Ethiopian community in the UK and will focus on the use of the cultural Buna ritual as a means of alleviating some of the difficulties and challenges experienced by the participants in their attempts to settle and adapt to life in the UK. This study prioritises the complex and often-neglected issues of well-being and mental health within the Ethiopian community in exile and will contribute to the limited research on the experience of Ethiopian forced migrants in the UK.

Universidad Complutense, Diss. 2003--Madrid, 2003. / Bibliografía: p. 406-412.

D.Litt. et Phil. / Very little has been written on this subject, especially during the exile period, which is covered by the research. As a result, a lacuna exists in our understanding of 20th century history of the liberation struggle in South Africa. This study is an attempt to reconstruct aspects of the missing link. It locates the exile history of the Pan Africanist Congress within a broader framework of political developments in Southern Africa. By so doing a wide canvas of factors essential to the colouring of this period are brought to the fore. The study therefore focuses on the internal conflicts in the PAC and how they impacted on the functioning of the organisation during the exile period. The thesis traces the events which led to the banning of the PAC and demonstrates how the organisation re-established itself in exile. Most importantly, it focuses on a critical period which existing scholarly works and even popular literature has overlooked, i.e. the period between 1960 to 1962. The thesis traces the re-formation of the PAC’s official infrastructure in Lesotho. It proceeds to examine the organisational developments and internal conflicts at the headquarters of the PAC in Tanzania from 1964 to 1990. It examines sources of conflict during various periods of leadership, i.e. from P.K. Leballo (1962 - 1979), Vusumzi Make period (1979-1981), Nyathi John Pokela (1981-1985) to Johnson Mlambo (1985-1990). In the last two chapters the thesis examines conditions inside PAC camps and the evolution of the PAC’s military strategy as sources of conflict. In all the chapters, the permeating theme is that the PAC lacked solid organisational foundations, which manifested in the lack of clear organisational policies respected by everyone, including the leadership of the organisation. The thesis concludes that the history of the PAC in exile is an example of how poor organisational structures can immobilize the progress of a liberation movement. / Prof. G. Verhoef

The twentieth century is a time when the discourse of exile is prevalent in culture and literature as well as in political life. This study explores the nature of exile, its relation to Western culture, politics, and writing through the use of critical theory and specific literary works. The extended introductory chapter examines how stories of exile function as formative concepts in the Hebrew Bible. Foremost is the story of the flight from Egypt and the wandering in the wilderness as told in the Book of Exodus, but examples of separation as a type of exile are also examined, specifically in the laws in Exodus and Leviticus. The idea of exile as a paradox in Western culture and literature is developed in this chapter. While exile was already known as a punishment, the Hebrew Bible portrays exile as a positive idea that enables the formation of religious and cultural identity. An examination of exile as a sociopolitical concept also comprises this chapter. The relation of Karl Marx's definition of alienation (entfremdung) to exile is explored, and exile in its negative aspect, as punishment and estrangement from family and self, is discussed. As a counterweight to this negative aspect, the theories of Michel Foucault on power and knowledge are studied, and exile is proposed as a resistance to power. Finally, the relation of exile to discourses on writing and literature in the twentieth century is examined, specifically in the work of Jacques Derrida and Roland Barthes. The remaining three chapters of the work are devoted to three culturally diverse twentieth century authors. Chapter Two examines the work of Egyptian-born Jewish poet Edmond Jabes, whose poetry and meditations are interwoven with thoughts on Judaism, exile, and writing. Chapter Three takes up the work of Cristina Peri Rossi, an Uruguayan fiction writer and poet, who fled to Spain in 1973. Peri Rossi's work not only creates interesting fictional homes wherein characters and readers alike can dwell, but is also concerned with the issue of feminism and womens' particular relation to exile. Finally, the work of Modernist author Gertrude Stein is explored, raising and examining questions of exile in her work.

This thesis is an exploration into the interrelation of memory, defeat, exile and solidarity. The work will investigate the moment of the Chilean coup and the process of remembrance which followed within Britain. The thesis will demonstrate that the Chilean coup deeply influenced sections of British society and has since been mourned by competing and alternative memories. It will be argued throughout this thesis that there is no fixed correlation between the definition of a particular event as catastrophic, the sustaining of that definition within memory, and the quantum of human suffering that is produced. Instead the memory of defeat was constructed in Britain through an active process of organised solidarity and exile politics. Principally this work is a study into the creation, contestation and preservation of a memory of Chile within British groups and networks of exiles from 1973 onwards. The research is centred on a series of interviews with Chilean exiles in Britain, both those who remained in Britain and those who had since returned to Chile. Using oral history to record the memories of an overlooked group of grassroots Chilean exiles, the research will critically engage with these compelling narratives, in contrast to the existing literature which focuses on more elite exile figures. Although some historians have pursued related goals, with two archival studies focusing on Chile Solidarity Campaign in Britain, and separate works providing oral histories of Chilean exiles, this thesis will bridge these separate works and will combine oral history with archival research. The thesis will examine the differing memories Chilean exiles in Britain possessed. The individual exile memories discussed in this thesis are then integrated into a broader history of solidarity and British political history. It is argued that these memories can only be understood within the space in which they are formed, exploring the new context of British society which exiles interacted with. The thesis will then investigate the British Left's more theoretical response to the Chilean coup and how alternative memories were constructed, a relationship which has been academically ignored until now. The work will also examine more practical responses to the coup through the Chile solidarity movement, investigating both the rise of human right politics and labour movement solidarity with Chile. The thesis will argue that these responses to Chile provided a terrain in which exiles in Britain could reflect and understand their experiences. The research will then investigate the process of return for exiles into a transformed country which refused to discuss the recent past. Exiles interviewed for this research described their return to Chile as a 'second exile' as their memories of the Chilean past clashed with those in Chile who had experienced the same events. Finally, the thesis will explore the arrest of Pinochet in Britain in 1998. While there is a great deal of legal research on this event, the research here will situate the arrest within a broader history of solidarity in Britain. The arrest is used as a window in which to further examine the British memorialisation of the Chilean past and its changing nature.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 247-259).