Exotic mesons are mesons that cannot be described as a quark-antiquark pair. The number of exotic mesons has been growing every year in the charm sector and the theoretical understanding of them is often conflicted amongst the community. Some possible explanations include hybrid mesons where the quark-antiquark pair is coupled to a gluonic excitation, compact tetraquarks where four quarks are bound into a localised state and molecules which consist of pairs of extended mesons. To study exotic mesons from first principles, lattice QCD provides the framework to perform spectroscopy calculations numerically. I will give a review and describe the relevant techniques used in this thesis. After doing so, I will calculate masses of charmonium with angular momentum up to four. The results show QCD permits states with exotic quantum numbers that are not accessible by a quark-antiquark pair. I will identify states that are consistent with the quark-antiquark picture and then show that the remaining states in the extracted spectra can be interpreted to be the lightest and first excited hybrid meson supermultiplet. Whilst the mass is one quantity that can be computed, hadron spectroscopy is also concerned with the calculation of the unstable properties of resonances which can decay into meson-meson states. These meson-meson states have four quarks and could also mix with tetraquarks. I will describe how to correctly extract the energies of four quark states within lattice QCD by reviewing operators resembling meson-mesons and then constructing a general class of operators resembling tetraquarks. I will then calculate a variety of spectra in the isospin-1 hidden charm sector and the doubly charmed sector. No evidence of a bound state or narrow resonance is found in these channels. Having described how to include multi-meson states in lattice QCD, I will describe how to relate the lattice QCD spectrum to the scattering amplitudes and perform a calculation of elastic $DK$ scattering amplitudes which is relevant for the exotic $D_{s0}(2317)$. By analytically continuing the scattering amplitudes into the complex plane, I find a bound state pole near threshold which is in good agreement with what is found experimentally.

This thesis focuses on two parts, the evidence of a structure in a four lepton final state, and the CMS detector upgrade studies. The first part of the thesis focuses on an unexpected structure in Υ(1S)l+l− final state, where Υ(1S) → μ+μ−, l can represent a muon or an electron and m(l+l−) is required to be below the Υ(1S) mass. Using an integrated luminosity of 25.6 fb−1 recorded in proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC, an excess in the mass distribution near 18.5 GeV of Υ(1S)l+l− is found. The mass of this enhancement is found out to be 18.4 ± 0.1 (stat.) ± 0.2 (syst.) GeV in the Υ(1S)μ+μ− channel, and 18.5 ± 0.2 (stat.) ± 0.2 (syst.) GeV in the Υ(1S)e+e− channel. For the two results combined, the enhancement is found out to be 18.4 ± 0.1 (stat.) ± 0.2 (syst.) GeV with a local statistical significance of 4.9 standard deviations and a global significance, after taking into account the look-elsewhere-effect, of 3.6 standard deviations. The width of the observed enhancement is consistent with the mass resolution of the CMS detector. The second part of the thesis focuses on detector upgrade studies for the silicon detector. The LHC has been increasing and will increase the luminosity and collision energy. Due to radiation damage and increasing data loss, the CMS detector underwent a Phase I upgrade in 2016/2017 and will undergo a Phase II upgrade in 2018/2019. In Phase I upgrade, silicon sensors and DC-DC converters were tested at Fermilab for the CMS Forward Pixel detector. For Phase II upgrade, a gantry robot system is built for module assemble at Fermilab for the CMS Outer Tracker detector.

<p>Quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the theory of quarks and gluons, is known to be</p><p>the correct description of strong nuclear interactions. At high energy and momenta,</p><p>one can use QCD directly to compute quantities of physical interest related to the</p><p>strong force. At low energies and momenta, one should use a different description in</p><p>terms of the degrees of freedom relevant at that scale. Two approaches to achieve</p><p>this end are effective field theories and gauge/gravity dualities. The former involves</p><p>a field theory more or less like QCD itself, but with states which are composites</p><p>of quarks and gluons. Then a perturbative expansion is made not in terms of the</p><p>gauge coupling but instead in terms of the momentum of the fields. This approach</p><p>dates back to the 1970s and is on firm theoretical footing. Gauge/gravity dualities</p><p>are a newer and less understood technique, which relates the physics of the strong</p><p>interactions to a different but likely equivalent theory in a higher dimensional space-</p><p>time, where the quantity of interest can be computed more readily. We employ</p><p>both effective field theories and gauge/gravity dualities to study the physics of ex-</p><p>otic quarkonium states, that is bound states containing a heavy quark-antiquark pair</p><p>which nevertheless cannot be be understood working only with the standard quark</p><p>model of hadrons. Candidates for such states, long speculated to exist, have recently</p><p>been observed at particle colliders, so that the theory of exotic quarkonium is now</p><p>of great experimental importance.</p> / Dissertation

Usando as Regras de Soma da QCD, testamos se a nova estrutura estreita, X(4350) recentemente observada pela Colaboração Belle, pode ser descrita como um estado molecular DsDs0 exótico JPC = 1+. Consideramos as contribuições dos condensados de dimensão oito, trabalhamos com os termos dominantes em s mantendo os termos lineares na massa do quark estranho ms. A massa obtida é igual a mDsDs0 = (5.05±0.19) GeV. Consideramos também uma corrente molecular 1+, DD0 e obtemos mDD0 = (4.92 ± 0.08) GeV. Concluímos que não é possível descrever a estrutura X(4350) como um estado molecular 1+ DsDs0. / Using the QCD sum rules we test if the new narrow structure, the X(4350) recently observed by the Belle Collaboration, can be described as a JPC = 1+ exotic DsDs0 molecular state. We consider the contributions of condensates up to dimension eight, we work at leading order in s and we keep terms which are linear in the strange quark mass ms. The mass obtained for such state is mDsDs0 = (5.05 ± 0.19) GeV. We also consider a molecular 1+, DD 0 current and we obtain mDD0 = (4.92 ± 0.08) GeV. We conclude that it is not possible to describe the X(4350) structure as a 1+ DsDs0 molecular state

In this thesis we study radiative decays of the exotic meson X(3872) into $J/ \\psi \\gamma$ and $\\psi(2S) \\gamma$ using an effective field theory framework. Assuming the exotic meson to be primarily a molecular state of the mesons $D$ and $ \\bar{D}^{*}$, we perform a renormalization analysis to estimate the contribution of the short-distance physics. This is done using two different prescriptions, the popular $\\overline{MS}$ scheme, valid only for perturbative calculations, and the PDS scheme, used in EFTs for loosely-bound systems and intrinsically non-perturbative. We show that, without a short-distance contact interaction, the observables become very dependent on the regularization scale, therefore demanding proper renormalization. We include two short-distance contact terms, one for each decay channel, and impose the renormalization condition within both $\\overline{MS}$ and PDS schemes. We obtain the behavior of the contact term with the renormalization scale $\\mu$, which can be useful in guiding models for the short-distance part. We note, however, distinct behaviors between $\\overline{MS}$ and PDS. Both also lead to lower limits in the decay widths that could, in principle, be tested experimentally. / In this thesis we study radiative decays of the exotic meson X(3872) into $J/ \\psi \\gamma$ and $\\psi(2S) \\gamma$ using an effective field theory framework. Assuming the exotic meson to be primarily a molecular state of the mesons $D$ and $ \\bar{D}^{*}$, we perform a renormalization analysis to estimate the contribution of the short-distance physics. This is done using two different prescriptions, the popular $\\overline{MS}$ scheme, valid only for perturbative calculations, and the PDS scheme, used in EFTs for loosely-bound systems and intrinsically non-perturbative. We show that, without a short-distance contact interaction, the observables become very dependent on the regularization scale, therefore demanding proper renormalization. We include two short-distance contact terms, one for each decay channel, and impose the renormalization condition within both $\\overline{MS}$ and PDS schemes. We obtain the behavior of the contact term with the renormalization scale $\\mu$, which can be useful in guiding models for the short-distance part. We note, however, distinct behaviors between $\\overline{MS}$ and PDS. Both also lead to lower limits in the decay widths that could, in principle, be tested experimentally.

Usando as Regras de Soma da QCD, testamos se a nova estrutura estreita, X(4350) recentemente observada pela Colaboração Belle, pode ser descrita como um estado molecular DsDs0 exótico JPC = 1+. Consideramos as contribuições dos condensados de dimensão oito, trabalhamos com os termos dominantes em s mantendo os termos lineares na massa do quark estranho ms. A massa obtida é igual a mDsDs0 = (5.05±0.19) GeV. Consideramos também uma corrente molecular 1+, DD0 e obtemos mDD0 = (4.92 ± 0.08) GeV. Concluímos que não é possível descrever a estrutura X(4350) como um estado molecular 1+ DsDs0. / Using the QCD sum rules we test if the new narrow structure, the X(4350) recently observed by the Belle Collaboration, can be described as a JPC = 1+ exotic DsDs0 molecular state. We consider the contributions of condensates up to dimension eight, we work at leading order in s and we keep terms which are linear in the strange quark mass ms. The mass obtained for such state is mDsDs0 = (5.05 ± 0.19) GeV. We also consider a molecular 1+, DD 0 current and we obtain mDD0 = (4.92 ± 0.08) GeV. We conclude that it is not possible to describe the X(4350) structure as a 1+ DsDs0 molecular state

In this thesis we study radiative decays of the exotic meson X(3872) into $J/ \\psi \\gamma$ and $\\psi(2S) \\gamma$ using an effective field theory framework. Assuming the exotic meson to be primarily a molecular state of the mesons $D$ and $ \\bar{D}^{*}$, we perform a renormalization analysis to estimate the contribution of the short-distance physics. This is done using two different prescriptions, the popular $\\overline{MS}$ scheme, valid only for perturbative calculations, and the PDS scheme, used in EFTs for loosely-bound systems and intrinsically non-perturbative. We show that, without a short-distance contact interaction, the observables become very dependent on the regularization scale, therefore demanding proper renormalization. We include two short-distance contact terms, one for each decay channel, and impose the renormalization condition within both $\\overline{MS}$ and PDS schemes. We obtain the behavior of the contact term with the renormalization scale $\\mu$, which can be useful in guiding models for the short-distance part. We note, however, distinct behaviors between $\\overline{MS}$ and PDS. Both also lead to lower limits in the decay widths that could, in principle, be tested experimentally. / In this thesis we study radiative decays of the exotic meson X(3872) into $J/ \\psi \\gamma$ and $\\psi(2S) \\gamma$ using an effective field theory framework. Assuming the exotic meson to be primarily a molecular state of the mesons $D$ and $ \\bar{D}^{*}$, we perform a renormalization analysis to estimate the contribution of the short-distance physics. This is done using two different prescriptions, the popular $\\overline{MS}$ scheme, valid only for perturbative calculations, and the PDS scheme, used in EFTs for loosely-bound systems and intrinsically non-perturbative. We show that, without a short-distance contact interaction, the observables become very dependent on the regularization scale, therefore demanding proper renormalization. We include two short-distance contact terms, one for each decay channel, and impose the renormalization condition within both $\\overline{MS}$ and PDS schemes. We obtain the behavior of the contact term with the renormalization scale $\\mu$, which can be useful in guiding models for the short-distance part. We note, however, distinct behaviors between $\\overline{MS}$ and PDS. Both also lead to lower limits in the decay widths that could, in principle, be tested experimentally.