Thesis--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references (p.53-58).

Inaug.-diss.--Marburg. / Lebenslauf.

Thesis (M.S.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2005. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Jerry Stephens. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 104-106).

Orientador: Márcio Antônio Teixeira / Banca: Antônio Nivaldo Hespanhol / Banca: Sônia Maria Pessoa Pereira Bergamasco / Resumo: Este trabalho tem como objetivo a análise dos movimentos de ocupação pelas frentes pioneiras de colonização (1940-1960),que contribuíram para a apropriação e valorização das terras do Noroeste Paulista, identificando o momento dos conflitos reivindicatórios e o papel dos órgãos públicos na consolidação do projeto de colonização da Gleba 06 - Fazenda Jacylândia no município de Meridiano, estado de São Paulo . O estudo revela a evolução da estrutura agrária e fundiária, seu suporte legal no tocante a Fazenda, município e região, e analisa a situação atual dos sitiantes-residentes da Fazenda face às políticas agrárias vigentes. A localização da Fazenda (proximidade dos núcleos urbanos), o desgaste da terra, o predomínio do minifúndio, a morosidade das decisões políticas do Estado, a falta de recursos econômicos, apontou para a busca de alternativas e estratégias de sobrevivência e inclusões de atividades não-agrícolas que apontam para um "novo rural" - polissêmico. / Abstract: This work has as its purpose to analyse the movements of occupation done by the pioneer fronts of colonization (1940 - 1960), that contributed for the possession and valuation of the lands on Noroeste Paulista, by identifying the moments of the reivindicative conflicts and the role of the public organisms for the consolidation of the colonization project of the Glebe 6 - Jacylândia Farm, in the municipality of Meridiano, São Paulo state. This study shows the evolution of the agrarian, landed structure, its legal support concerning to the Farm, the municipality and the region, and it evaluates the present situation of the small farmers living on the Farm before the agrarian politics in vigor. The localization of the Farm (near the urban nuclei), the wearing of the lands, the prevalence of the small properties, the slowness of the political actions of the State, the lack of economic funds indicated the search of options and survival strategies through the non-agricultural activities that pointed towards a polysemic "new rural". / Mestre

Thesis (M.Sc.D.)--Boston University School of Graduate Dentistry, 1974. Orthodontics. / Bibliography included.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:44:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 chiavini_pcr_dr_arafo.pdf: 1022800 bytes, checksum: 569545c6504c5f0fd61d40ae4f45baa2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O propósito do tratamento ortodôntico é atingir uma relação intra-arcos e interarcos equilibrada, saudável, estética e acima de tudo, estável. Um dos problemas comumente encontrados nas más oclusões é a atresia maxilar e mordida cruzada posterior. Este problema tem sido tratado pela expansão lenta, expansão rápida ou pela expansão cirurgicamente assistida. Para o presente trabalho foram avaliados modelos de estudo de 14 crianças com idade entre 7 e 11 anos, sendo 7 do gênero feminino e 7 do masculino, que apresentavam mordida cruzada posterior e necessitavam de expansão rápida da maxila. A terapia para correção desta alteração transversal foi realizada com o aparelho tipo Hyrax que é uma alternativa padrão no tratamento desta má oclusão. Foi observado que a distância entre os primeiros molares superiores e os caninos superiores aumentaram significantemente; o comprimento do arco superior diminuiu e seu perímetro aumentou significantemente. No arco inferior não foram observadas mudanças dimensionais. / The aim of an orthodontic treatment is the achievement of a balanced, esthetic and, most of all, stable, intra and inter arches relationship. A common problem observed in occlusion is posterior crossbite and atresic maxilla. This problem may be treated by slow expansion, rapid expansion or surgically assisted expansion. For the present study cast models of 14 children between 7 and 11 years old were evaluated. There were 7 male and 7 female subjects that presented posterior crossbite and needed rapid maxillary expansion. The Hyrax appliance performed the therapy for correction of this transversal alteration, which is a common possibility in the treatment of this malocclusion. It was observed that the distance between the upper first molars and upper cuspids increased significantly; the length of the upper arch decreased and its perimeter increased significantly. At the lower arch there were no dimensional changes.

The idea of taming the Desert Southwest has captivated the American psyche for hundreds of years. The intoxicating beauty of the wide-open and wild landscape has lured people westward. The lure remains: the U.S. census figures are forecasting that by the year 2030, more than 67 million people will live in the West and that Nevada, Arizona, and Utah will be among the top 5 states in the nation in terms of percentage of population increase. The survival of the Desert Southwest's ecosystem depends greatly on the geographic distribution of this growing population. As the Desert Southwest's population continues to grow, a new urban paradigm is needed. Americans’ 20th century desire to live in nature in order to escape the squalor of the city has been fueled by the automobile and highway systems. These conditions have defined a sprawling and suburbanized pattern of settlement throughout the United States. Charles Waldheim says, “Across many disciplines, and for many centuries, the city and the country have been called upon to define each other through a binary opposition.” Resulting urban models sought to dissolve this opposition between city and nature. Such development had enormous horizontal spatial implications. But, as Edward Glaeser puts it, “it would be a lot better for the planet if their urbanized populations lived in dense cities built around the elevator, rather than in sprawling areas built around the car.” Our horizontal development has had devastating effects on the ecosystems they encroach upon and swallow up. One landscape that is particularly threatened by our outward sprawl is the Sonoran Desert located in the Southwestern United States. The beauty of the wild and unique desert landscape has drawn people and development to it for centuries. The dilemma is that the closer we get, and the more that we try to live within this natural world, the more we destroy it. The suburban development in the region has had a disregard for water usage and resources. Diverted waters from the West’s great rivers, rising temperatures, highways, and loss of habitat have made an arid climate even more unforgiving, put desert flora and fauna in danger of extinction, and endangered the landscape that has been our muse for hundreds of years. This thesis aims to define an intimate relationship between city and nature in the Desert Southwest, but unlike its historical counterparts, proposes that we build up instead of out in order to reduce water and energy use, contain expansion and growth, and begin to repair the land that we have loved to death. / 0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

Expansion of large metropolitan areas has rapidly increased at such a rate that development has begun to spill over original city boundaries. Almost every large city in the United States has accumulated smaller satellite cities on the periphery of the metropolitan area. These satellite cities house resources that exist because of their proximity to a larger urban core allowing them to harbor communities of people looking for inexpensive yet accessible housing close to a strong job market. The satellite city's location, stuck between a dense urban core and suburbia, lends itself to an identity that can be determined as neither urban or suburban. This confusing identity has resulted in high density urban infrastructure that is independent of an identifiable urban core, therefore spread out and sparse. As both the desire to live in major city centers and the cost of living in these city centers grows, satellite cities are becoming a destination where people within the city can escape huge expenses and suburban families can achieve urban living at an affordable cost. In turn, the future of satellite cities is a frontier to affordable urban living. One such city is Harrison, New Jersey; a city just a twenty-minute subway ride away from downtown Manhattan. This commuter city has become a bridge between the suburbs of New Jersey and Manhattan's central business district. Every day people drive into Harrison with the intent to switch to rail transportation into downtown Manhattan. Because of this role in daily commuting patterns and accessibility to resources from New York City, Harrison is growing at an extremely rapid rate with over 8,000 residential units proposed to be built in the next ten years1. This remarkable growth has resulted in cheaply built and loosely planned city infrastructure ignoring key factors in the city's expansion. Subsequentially, Harrison's city fabric has become victim to residential sprawl with many missing pieces, having failed to take advantage of the potential in the centrally located commuter city transit infrastructure. As developers continue to propose high profit residential housing scattered throughout the city, they fail to meet the demands of growing density, parking, and public amenities. The centrally located transit accommodations that exist allow Harrison to be a lucrative city with an identifiable city center that can provide housing communities to people looking for inexpensive yet accessible housing close to New York City. With these existing circumstances, there is possibility to improve Harrison's physical environment and its residents' quality of life by introducing a transit oriented development plan surrounding public transportation hubs located in the core of the city. Establishing a connection between existing parking structures, housing, and public amenities will create a satellite city typology that can adapt to the drastically changing habitation throughout a typical work day. As the push towards a new urbanization becomes more prevalent in our future, satellite cities like Harrison can be designed to adapt to growing numbers of urban residents and their transportation patterns and ultimately brand themselves with a new identity and role in sustainable urban futures. / 0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

No description available.

Autogenous shrinkage is of concern in high performance concrete mixtures, when specific properties like strength and durability are enhanced. Factors like low watercement ratio, low porosity and increased hydration kinetics which are associated with high performance concrete mixtures are also responsible for the development of autogenous shrinkage. With about two decades of research into autogenous shrinkage, uncertainties still exist with testing procedure, effect of supplementary cementitious materials, modelling and prediction of autogenous shrinkage. The primary focus of this study is to understand mechanisms which have been postulated to cause autogenous shrinkage like chemical shrinkage and self desiccation. In addition, this study has considered properties like porosity and internal empty voids in the analysis of the causes of bulk volume deformations of the cementitious paste systems with and without mineral admixtures. The study begins with an experimental investigation of chemical shrinkage in hydrating cementitious paste systems with the addition of fly ash, slag and silica fume using the test method recently accepted by the ASTM. This was followed by the experimental investigation of autogenous shrinkage in cementitious paste. The autogenous shrinkage in paste mixtures is studied from an early age (~1.5 hours after addition of water) for cementitious systems at a water-cementitious ratio of 0.32 (w/c 0.25 for limited mixture proportions). A non-contact measurement method using eddy current sensors were adopted. The hydration mechanism of the cementitious paste systems was then modelled using CEMHYD3D, which is a 3 dimensional numerical modelling method successfully used to study, simulate and present the hydration developments in cementitious systems. Properties like chemical shrinkage, degree of hydration, total porosity and free water content; all of which have been obtained from the CEMHYD3D simulation have been cross correlated with the experimental results in order to more comprehensively understand the mechanism contributing to bulk volume change under sealed conditions. The experimental investigations are extended to study the development in concrete with and without mineral admixtures (i.e., silica fume, fly ash and slag). Self desiccation driving the development of autogenous shrinkage has been used extensively across literature but as an alternative the author has proposed using internal drying factor in modelling autogenous shrinkage. The "internal drying factor" is described as the ratio of the empty voids (due to chemical shrinkage) to the total porosity at any point of time of hydration. Independent of the mixture proportions, a linear trend was observed between the autogenous shrinkage strain and increase in internal drying factor. Thus the internal drying factor could be incorporated into semiempirical models while attempting to predict autogenous shrinkage. An increase in the compressive strength of matured concrete at 1 year had a strong correlation to the observed autogenous shrinkage strains irrespective of the cementitious system. It is believed this could be because of the increase in gel-space ratio which is intern linked to the degree of hydration and porosity of the microstructure. The author has obtained strong evidence that the micro-structural changes associated with high strength and durable concrete have a direct impact on the autogenous shrinkage of concrete. Hence, the author suggests that autogenous shrinkage should be investigated and allowable values be stipulated as design criterion in structures that use high strength-high performance concrete.