La tesi include tre studi indipendenti che hanno come tema comune la Consumer Ambivalence nella Shopping Experience. Il punto di partenza è che la Consumer Ambivalence è sempre stata percepita come un qualcosa da evitare in quanto impatta negativamente sul comportamento del consumatore (es. soddisfazione e fedeltà). La letteratura però evidenzia come in alcune service experience questo costrutto risulti banalizzato. L’obiettivo della ricerca è quindi esplorare il ruolo della Consumer Ambivalence in diverse shopping experience attraverso le percezioni, i discorsi, le emozioni e le esperienze sia degli shopper sia del personale di contatto. Ho scelto due contesti di analisi: le esperienze di shopping di lusso e di shopping etico. Entrambi i settori sono in continua crescita nonostante il periodo di crisi economica e le emozioni negative (e positive) vissute dagli shopper e riconosciute dalla letteratura. Attraverso un approccio costruttivista i miei risultati principali dimostrano come la Consumer Ambivalence non sia sempre uno stato emotivo da rifuggire ma qualcosa a cui tendere e sfruttare. Concludo affermando come questo stato emozionale multiplo sia spesso inevitabile e parte intrinseca nelle esperienze di shopping ad elevata connotazione emotiva. / My thesis is composed by three papers that have a common theme: Consumer Ambivalence in Shopping Experience. The general starting point is that Consumer Ambivalence has always been perceived as something to avoid because it decreases relevant consumer outcomes (e.g. satisfaction and loyalty). However, some evidences in literature suggest that, particularly in some service experiences, this construct is trivialized. The main research goal is to explore the role of Consumer Ambivalence in different shopping experiences, investigating how this construct can impact on shopping behaviors, considering perceptions, discourses, emotions and experiences of both shoppers and company personnel. I chose two settings of investigation which are favorable contexts to identify different mixed emotions: luxury shopping experience and ethical shopping experience. Both industries are particular relevant because their consumer market value is still increasing despite the current period of economic crisis and literature evidences of negative (and positive) emotions felt by shoppers. Through a constructivist epistemological approach, my main findings elicit that Consumer Ambivalence can be an emotional state which has not to be rejected, but rather be something to aim for. Moreover, I argue that this mixed emotional state is essentially unavoidable and is intrinsically part of high affect shopping experiences.

The purpose of this study was to clarify and document the member perspective of leadership networks in terms of how members’ attitudes toward, and underlying reasons for participating in, leadership networks can be explained. This purpose was fulfilled by asking and answering the questions of how member attitudes toward, and underlying reasons for participating in, leadership networks can be explained. The study was conducted via a pre-research study of one network organization as well as interviews with two other network organizations. In total, the study investigated three network organizations, including 19 respondents, 13 for the survey and six for the interviews. It was concluded in both the pre-research as well as the main research, that expectations from the members’ perspective had a tendency toward organizational outcomes in the pre-consumption phase, and that the expectations on the network were mainly focused on individual outcomes in the post-consumption phase. The study also demonstrates that there are factors outside of the study’s analytical framework, such as the network position, the ego network structure and the whole network structure, that affect the network outcomes, and thus potentially the explanation for the members’ attitudes toward, and underlying reasons for participating in, leadership networks.

當今社會生活水準不斷提升，民眾對於吃下肚的食材要求，從量的滿足，轉為質的追求，尤其是關注衛生、健康、安全等因素。由此，大眾對於採買生鮮食材的直覺想法為親自上街挑選，經由眼看、鼻嗅、嘴嚐、手觸與食材近距離接觸，除去心理上的疑慮以及對生理上的安心。然而，近年來，網路代購消費模式迅速崛起，並以具有標準化製程的一般商品為主要代買項目，但隨著新加坡代購公司—Honestbee的成立，使非加工的生鮮食材也加入代購的行列。其主打使用者不須花太多時間成本來買菜，亦即不必親自出門，僅須透過滑動電子載具螢幕瀏覽生鮮食材圖片與下單預訂，此時生鮮代購員將至指定商店替使用者選購實體商品，並且快送至家中。而這一新興消費模式的出現，將習見的親臨實體市場購買轉變為代購員代理完成買菜大事，此打破民眾對採買生鮮食材需要親自挑選的想像。 據此，本研究試圖釐清消費者在無法親自接觸欲買商品時，會如何與Honestbee代購業者建立信任關係，並願意將手中的生鮮選購權交付於陌生的代購人員？而這一新興的採買模式與親自前往市場選購方式之間有著什麼樣的異同？對此，藉由深入訪談8位使用過Honestbee代購服務以及具有親臨實體市場（傳統菜市場、超級市場）購買生鮮食材經驗之消費者，並利用半結構式訪談題項掌握個別受訪者對於兩種採購方式的消費動機與體驗，再進一步探詢兩種消費過程中信任關係的建立與維持。由此，本研究發現，雖然受訪者對於兩種購買生鮮食材的動機以及獲得的消費體驗與感受皆有所不同，但產生於兩種消費過程中的信任關係則是具有相互交集的景象，並非獨立各自存在，其是呈現一種多向度的信任關係。因此，生鮮代購業者會建立與實體市場購物相同的信任要素，進而讓消費者能夠安心使用代購服務來獲取生鮮食材。 / In modern society, the living standard is improving. Quality is more important than quantity for the food requirements, especially the food safety. In Taiwan, even though supermarkets are everywhere, where chickens are deboned and packed, and food is certified; many housewives are still keen to visit the traditional markets to buy unprocessed chicken, or fresh vegetables which are shipped directly from the farms. With the rising of the company “Honestbee” in recent times, people don’t need to spend so much time visiting the traditional markets and supermarkets. Instead of going out, they can just buy various kinds of fresh food at home. This brand new consumption pattern has brought large change for the consumers. In this research, the trust relationships between the surrogate shopper and consumers have been discussed. Moreover, we also explored the differences between surrogate shopper and markets from the interviews of eight consumers who had experiences for using the services of “Honestbee”. In conclusion, we could find that whether surrogate shopper or markets, they have the same trust mechanism for the consumers, and make them feel at ease to buy fresh food.