This doctoral thesis concerns the designs, creation, and a pilot survey of real remotely controlled laboratories that can be used for the introduction to modern physics within the integrated e-learning strategy. With grant support four new remote laboratory experiments could be created, featuring some innovations like the possibility to modify experimental setup, and the design allowing to make a mistake and to obtain nonsensical experimental data in order to test students' critical thinking. The new remote experiment topics are: laws of radioactivity, polarisation state of light, photoelectric effect, and the origin of spectral lines. The emphasis is put on easy experimental data acquision (measurement, record, and download) for further scientific statistical or advanced graphical data proces- sing. The pilot survey aims to select adequate research designs, tools, and data sources and it describes the results and experience from the observation at several Czech secondary schools. The most interesting findings were revealed by action log file analysis and interviews with teachers and students. Finally, real usability of remote laboratory experiments in lessons and physics education is discussed. 1

Cette thèse présente des travaux sur l’étude et la calibration de modèles d’équations aux dérivées partielles pour la croissance tumorale. La première partie porte sur l’analyse d’un modèle de croissance tumorale pour le cas de métastases au foie de tumeurs gastro-intestinales (GIST). Le modèle est un système d’équations aux dérivées partielles couplées et prend en compte plusieurs traitements dont un traitement anti-angiogénique. Le modèle permet de reproduire des données cliniques. La première partie de ce travail concerne la preuve d’existence/unicité de la solution du modèle. La seconde partie du travail porte sur l’étude du comportement asymptotique de la solution du modèle lorsqu’un paramètre du modèle, décrivant la capacité de la tumeur à évacuer la nécrose, converge vers 0. La seconde partie de la thèse concerne le développement d’un modèle de croissance pour des sphéroïdes tumoraux ainsi que sur la calibration de ce modèle à partir de données expérimentales in vitro. L’objectif est de développer un modèle permettant de reproduire quantitativement la distribution des cellules proliférantes à l’intérieur d’un sphéroïde en fonction de la concentration en nutriments. Le travail de modélisation et de calibration du modèle a été effectué à partir de données expérimentales permettant d’obtenir la répartition spatiale de cellules proliférantes dans un sphéroïde tumoral. / In this thesis, we present several works on the study and the calibration of partial differential equations models for tumor growth. The first part is devoted to the mathematical study of a model for tumor drug resistance in the case of gastro-intestinal tumor (GIST) metastases to the liver. The model we study consists in a coupled partial differential equations system and takes several treatments into account, such as a anti-angiogenic treatment. This model is able to reproduce clinical data. In a first part, we present the proof of the existence/uniqueness of the solution to this model. Then, in a second part, we study the asymptotic behavior of the solution when a parameter of this model, describing the capacity of the tumor to evacuate the necrosis, goes to 0. In the second part of this thesis, we present the development of model for tumor spheroids growth. We also present the model calibration thanks to in vitro experimental data. The main objective of this work is to reproduce quantitatively the proliferative cell distribution in a spheroid, as a function of the concentration of nutrients. The modeling and calibration of this model have been done thanks to experimental data consisting of proliferative cells distribution in a spheroid.