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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estimativa da ExposiÃÃo e Risco de CÃncer a Compostos CarbonÃlicos e Btex em Postos de Gasolina na Cidade de Fortaleza-CE / Estimation of Exposure and Risk of Cancer to Carbonyl Compounds and BTEX in Gasoline Stations in the City of Fortaleza, CE

Francisco Wagner de Sousa 16 September 2011 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Os postos revendedores de combustÃveis (PRCs) sÃo instalaÃÃes que exercem a atividade de revenda varejista de combustÃveis lÃquidos derivados do petrÃleo, gÃs e Ãlcool combustÃvel. Esta atividade à reconhecida como importante fonte de emissÃo de compostos orgÃnicos volÃteis (VOCs), dentre os quais destacam-se os BTEX (benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xilenos) e os compostos carbonÃlicos (CCs) (formaldeÃdo e acetaldeÃdo). Estes compostos facilmente inalados pelos frentistas e usuÃrios durante o processo de abastecimento dos veÃculos e exaustÃo dos carros, constituem um perigo para à saÃde humana, mesmo em baixas concentraÃÃes. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a exposiÃÃo ocupacional de trabalhadores frentistas a BTEX e CCs, oriundos das atividades de abastecimento e queima de combustÃveis em trÃs PRCs durante os perÃodos seco (setembro-dezembro/2009) e chuvoso (fevereiro-junho/2010) na cidade de Fortaleza. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que uma comparaÃÃo direta entre os PRCs durante os perÃodos seco e chuvoso, revelou que o posto 2 apresentou os maiores nÃveis de concentraÃÃo de BTEX, seguido pelo posto 3 e posto 1. As concentraÃÃes mÃdias mensais de CCs mostraram que o formaldeÃdo, acetaldeÃdo e acroleÃna foram as principais carbonilas detectadas. Os resultados mostraram uma estreita relaÃÃo (R > 0,845) entre o volume de gasolina vendida e a concentraÃÃo de BTEX. A razÃo de concentraÃÃo formaldeÃdo/acetaldeÃdo mostrou que as emissÃes veiculares e a queima de combustÃveis predominam nos PRCs. A probabilidade de risco de cÃncer para homens ao longo de 30 e 5 anos de exposiÃÃo para benzeno e formaldeÃdo ficaram acima do limite estabelecido como seguro pela USEPA. A mesma tendÃncia foi observada para as mulheres frentistas, pois de acordo com as equaÃÃes de risco, este grupo constitui o mais sensÃvel. Neste contexto, programas de treinamento contÃnuo e soluÃÃes tÃcnicas devem ser implementadas para a reduÃÃo dos riscos ocupacionais a BTEX e CCs em postos revendedores de combustÃveis. / The gas stations (GS) are facilities engaged in the activity of retail sale of liquid fuels derived from petroleum, gas and alcohol. This activity is recognized as an important source of emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), among which are the BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) and carbonyl compounds (CCs) (formaldehyde and acetaldehyde). These compounds easily inhaled by attendants and users during the process of refueling and exhaust of vehicles, are a danger to human health even at low concentrations. In this study we evaluated the occupational exposure of workers to BTEX and CCs attendants, from the activities of refuelling and combustion of gasoline in three GSs during the dry (September to December/2009) and rainy (February to June/2010) in Fortaleza. The results showed that a direct comparison between the GSs during the rainy and dry seasons, revealed that the station 2 had the highest concentrations of BTEX, followed by the station 3 and station 1. The monthly average concentrations of CCs showed that formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein, were the major carbonyl detected. The results showed a close relationship (R > 0.845) between the volume of gasoline sold and the concentration of BTEX. The concentration ratio formaldehyde / acetaldehyde showed that vehicle emissions and the burning of fuels predominate in GSs. The probability of cancer risk for men over 30 and 5 years of exposure to benzene and formaldehyde were above the limit established as safe by the USEPA. The same trend was observed for women attendants, because according to the equations of risk, this group is the most sensitive. In this context, training programs and technical solutions must be implemented to reduce occupational hazards to BTEX and CCs in fuel service stations.

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