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No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoFrancimarDaFonsecaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 3949069 bytes, checksum: ef5faf7977215a513bc7ccfea51becf9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / A detec??o de microcontaminantes de interesse emergente em amostras ambientais de ?guas superficiais, ?guas subterr?neas, ?gua pot?vel, ?guas residu?rias e efluentes de esta??es de tratamento de ?gua e esgoto (ETAs e ETEs), em v?rios pa?ses, indica que esses poluentes encontram-se disseminados pelo meio ambiente, principalmente em regi?es urbanizadas. Isto ? motivo de grande preocupa??o, pois muitos desses compostos s?o potencialmente prejudiciais aos seres humanos e a outros seres vivos e n?o s?o removidos eficientemente na maioria das ETAs e ETEs, o que ? agravado pela precariedade dos servi?os de abastecimento de ?gua e esgotamento sanit?rio. Em Natal/RN, a exemplo de outras cidades brasileiras, o sistema de esgotamento sanit?rio atende apenas uma parte da ?rea urbana (cerca de 30%), de modo que o restante do esgoto ? infiltrado no solo arenoso da regi?o, em sistema de fossa s?ptica e sumidouro. Isto tem resultado na contamina??o das ?guas subterr?neas da regi?o (aqu?fero Dunas-Barreiras, que abastece mais de 50% da popula??o da cidade), o que tem sido observado pela eleva??o da concentra??o de nitrato nos po?os de abastecimento. A vulnerabilidade do aqu?fero DunasBarreiras, aliada aos relatos da presen?a de microcontaminantes de interesse emergente no Brasil e no mundo, motivaram a realiza??o desta pesquisa, que investigou a ocorr?ncia de quinze microcontaminantes nas ?guas subterr?neas e nos esgotos de Natal/RN. Foram coletadas amostras em cinco po?os usados para abastecimento, no esgoto bruto e nos efluentes dos reatores biol?gicos de uma ETE (UASB seguido de sistema de lodo ativado). Foram realizadas duas coletas de cada amostra, com uma semana de intervalo entre as coletas. Para a determina??o dos contaminantes, foi realizada a extra??o das amostras de ?gua do aqu?fero, e do esgoto bruto e tratado atrav?s da t?cnica SPE utilizando cartuchos Strata X (Phenomenex?), para a ?gua do aqu?fero, e Strata SAX e Strata X (Phenomenex?), para as amostras de esgotos bruto e tratado. Posteriormente os extratos foram analisados utilizando a t?cnica de CG-MS. Grande parte dos microcontaminantes analisados foram detectados nas ?guas subterr?neas e nos esgotos, sendo as concentra??es nas ?guas subterr?neas geralmente inferiores ?s dos esgotos. Alguns dos microcontaminantes (estrona, estradiol, bisfenol A, cafe?na, diclofenaco, naproxeno, paracetamol e ibuprofeno) s?o parcialmente removidos na ETE. / The detection of emerging interest microcontaminants in environmental samples of surface water, groundwater, drinking water, wastewater and effluents from water and sewage treatment plants (WTP and STP), in many countries, suggests these pollutants are widespread in the environment, mainly in urban areas. This is a reason for great concern, since many of these compounds are potentially harmful for humans other living beings, and they are not efficiently removed in the majority of WTP and STP, which is exacerbated by precariousness of water supply and sanitation services. In Natal, like other Brazilian cities, the sewage system serves only part of the urban area (about 30%), so that the rest of the wastewater is infiltrated in the sandy soil of the region in cesspool-dry well systems. This has resulted in contamination of groundwater in the area (sand-dune barrier aquifer, which supplies more than 50% of the city population), which has been observed by the increase in nitrate concentration in supply wells. The vulnerability of the sanddune barrier aquifer, combined with reports of the presence of emerging interest microcontaminants in Brazil and worldwide, led to this research, which investigated the occurrence of fifteen microcontaminants in Natal groundwater and sewage. Samples were collected at five wells used for water supply, the raw sewage and the effluents from biological reactors from STP (UASB and activated sludge reactors). Two samples of each sample were taken, with one week apart between the samples. To determine the contaminants, extraction of aquifer water, and raw and treated sewage samples were performed, through the technique of using SPE Strata X cartridge (Phenomenex?) to the aquifer water, and Strata SAX and Strata X (Phenomenex? ) for samples of raw and treated sewage. Subsequently the extracts were analyzed using GC-MS technique. Much of the analyzed microcontaminants were detected in groundwater and sewage. The concentrations in groundwater are generally lower than those found in the sewers. Some of the compounds (estrone, estradiol, bisphenol A, caffeine, diclofenac, naproxen, paracetamol and ibuprofen) are partially removed at STP.