Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-09T23:31:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielNobreNunesDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1373140 bytes, checksum: be843c5287aad6e511b26eef9e599382 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-11T23:38:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielNobreNunesDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1373140 bytes, checksum: be843c5287aad6e511b26eef9e599382 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-11T23:38:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielNobreNunesDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 1373140 bytes, checksum: be843c5287aad6e511b26eef9e599382 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / A ind?stria do petr?leo ? uma das atividades que mais gera res?duos ao meio ambiente. O cascalho de perfura??o ? um res?duo gerado em grande quantidade no processo de perfura??o de po?os e que pode provocar impactos ambientais, tais como a contamina??o do solo e consequentemente a contamina??o de len??is fre?ticos, caso descartados sem tratamento pr?vio. Surge ? necessidade de se desenvolver atividades cient?ficas e de pesquisar maneiras de adequar esses res?duos as normas ambientais vigentes. No caso dos res?duos s?lidos, a norma NBR 10004:2004 da Associa??o Brasileira de Normas T?cnicas (ABNT) classifica-os em res?duos classe I (perigoso) e classe II (n?o perigoso), onde estabelece quais os res?duos que podem ou n?o ser descartados no meio ambiente sem provocar impacto ambiental. Este trabalho apresenta uma inovadora alternativa para tratar o cascalho de perfura??o, que ? classificado como res?duo classe I (Abreu & Souza, 2005), removendo principalmente a n-parafina presente no mesmo, uma vez que este ? originado quando se usa fluidos de perfura??o base ?leo. Utilizando sistemas microemulsionados promove-se a remo??o deste contaminante de amostras de cascalho de perfura??o provenientes de po?os localizados em Alto do Rodrigues ? RN. Inicialmente, determinou-se a concentra??o de parafina utilizando o m?todo de infravermelho, em amostras previamente extra?das com ultrassom, obteve-se uma concentra??o de parafina na faixa de 36,59 a 43,52 g de parafina por quilograma de cascalho. Utilizou-se dois sistemas microemulsionados contendo dois tensoativos n?o i?nicos de diferentes classes, um ? um ?lcool etoxilado (UNTL-90) e o outro um nonifenol etoxilado (RNX 110). Os resultados indicaram que o sistema com tensoativo UNTL-90 possui melhor efici?ncia que o sistema com RNX 110. O estudo da influ?ncia do tempo de contato na extra??o mostrou que para tempos maiores que 25 minutos tem-se uma tend?ncia ao aumento do percentual de extra??o com o aumento do tempo de contato. Observou-se tamb?m que a extra??o ? r?pida, pois em 1 minutos de contato tem-se 22,7 % de extra??o. A reutiliza??o do sistema microemulsionado, sem a remo??o da parafina extra?da em etapas anteriores, mostrou redu??o de 29,32 no percentual de extra??o comparando a primeira e a terceira extra??o, mas comparando a primeira e segunda extra??es a redu??o ? de 8,5 no percentual de extra??o, logo a otimiza??o da reutiliza??o dos sistemas pode ser uma op??o para viabilizar economicamente a remo??o de parafina de cascalho. A extra??o com agita??o se mostrou mais eficaz no tratamento do cascalho, atingindo o percentual de extra??o de 87,04 %, ou seja, se obt?m um cascalho de perfura??o com 0,551 % de parafina. Utilizando o percentual de parafina empregado nos fluidos de perfura??o n?o aquosos e o limite m?ximo de fluido no cascalho para descarte estabelecido pela Ag?ncia de Prote??o Ambiental dos Estados Unidos (US Environmental Protection Agency - US EPA), chega-se ? conclus?o que o teor de parafina no cascalho n?o pode ser superior a 3,93 %. Conclui-se que a quantidade de parafina no cascalho tratado com o sistema microemulsionado e com agita??o est? bem abaixo do estabelecido pelo ?rg?o americano (US EPA), mostrando que o sistema microemulsionado utilizado foi eficiente na remo??o da parafina do cascalho de perfura??o. / The oil industry is one of the activities that generates more waste to the environment. The drill cuttings is a waste generated in large quantities in the drilling process and that may cause environmental damage such as soil contamination and consequently the contamination of groundwater if disposed of without prior treatment. Arises the need to develop scientific activities and research ways to adapt these wastes the current environmental standards. In the case of solid wastes, the NBR 10004: 2004 of the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT) classifies them into class I waste (hazardous) and class II (not dangerous), which determines which wastes may or may not be discarded in the environment without causing environmental impact. This study presents a novel alternative for treating drill cuttings, where this waste was classified as class I (Abreu & Souza, 2005), mainly by removing the n-paraffin present in it, since this arises when using drilling fluids base oil. Using microemulsion systems promotes the removal of this contaminant drill cuttings samples from wells located in Alto do Rodrigues - RN. Initially, we determined the concentration of paraffin using infrared method in samples were extracted with ultrasound, we obtained a paraffin concentration in the range from 36.59 to 43.52 g of paraffin per kilogram of cuttings. Used two microemulsion systems containing two nonionic surfactants from different classes, one is an alcohol ethoxylated (UNTL-90) and the other an nonylphenol ethoxylated (RNX 110). The results indicated that the system UNTL-90 surfactant has better efficiency than the system with RNX 110. The study of the influence of contact time at the extraction showed that for times greater than 25 minutes has a tendency to increase the percentage extraction with increasing contact time. It was also observed that the extraction is fast because at 1 minute contact has 22.7% extraction. The reuse of the microemulsion system without removing the paraffin extracted in previous steps, showed reduction of 29.32 in percentage of extraction by comparing the first and third extraction, but by comparing the first and second extractions reduction is 8.5 in percentage extraction, so the systems reuse optimization can be an option for economically viable removing paraffin from cuttings. The extraction with shaking is more effective in the treatment of cuttings, reaching the extraction percentage of 87.04%, that is, obtaining a drill cuttings with 0.551% paraffin. Using the percentage of paraffin employed in non-aqueous drilling fluids and fluid maximum limit on cuttings for disposal established by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States (US EPA), one arrives at the conclusion that the level of paraffin on gravel cannot exceed 3.93%. Conclude that the amount of paraffin in the treated cuttings with the microemulsion system with shaking is below the established by US EPA, showing that the system used was efficient in removing the paraffin from the drill cuttings.