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Graduation date: 1980

A piston type of sampler was designed and constructed to sample the dispersed phase of a spray liquid-liquid extraction tower. The aim was to check a previous method of sampling the dispersed phase. This method depended on the use of a long probe which descended into the column from above and through which samples were removed by suction. Calculated values of the dispersed phase concentration using the piston type sampler were found to be generally lower than the corresponding concentrations using the dispersed phase probe. The system studied was methyl isobutyl ketone (the dispersed phase)-acetic acid (the solute) - water (the continuous phase). The solute was transfered from the aqueous phase, which was saturated with methyl isobutyl ketone, to the organic phase, which was saturated with water. Mass transfer data were gathered for this system in a 1.5-in. I.D. column which was approximately 7.3-ft. in height. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of / Graduate

Activities of Cu₂O in PbO - Cu₂O - SiO₂ slags have been measured by a slag-metal equilibrium. Excess properties of the cation were established from Temkin's rule using the measured Cu₂O and aO²⁻ data. Lnɤ Cu⁺ values were found to be directly proportional to the activities of silicate anions along lines of constant NPb²⁺/NCu⁺ ratio. Also, it was observed that the excess properties of the copper cation increase with cation dilution. These properties are generally characteristic of all metal cations in PbO-Cu₂O-SiO₂ and CaO-FeO-SiO₂ slags. A method has been devised for interpolation and extrapolation of measured activity data in ternary silicate slag systems. Integration of the cationic form of the Gibbs-Duhem equation in the PbO-Cu₂O-SiO₂ system has shown Toop's method of calculating ternary oxygen ion activities to be satisfactory. Agreement of the measured-cationic data with other data in the PbO-Cu₂O-SiO₂ system is good. The established cationic excess properties are structurally interpretable indicating that anionic and cationic activities, as predicted from ionic theory, are reasonable. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Materials Engineering, Department of / Graduate

An internal sampler, a plastic cup probe, was constructed to replace a funnel-probe for sampling the dispersed phase (methyl isobutyl ketone) in a liquid-liquid extraction spray column. The dispersed phase sample can be withdrawn from the column by the plastic cup probe without being contaminated with the continuous phase water. For runs in which the mass transfer is from the continuous phase to the dispersed phase, the plastic cup probe results agree with those obtained by the funnel-probe. On the other hand, for runs in which the direction of mass transfer is reversed, the plastic cup probe tends to give slightly lower dispersed phase concentrations than does the funnel-probe at the same sampling elevation. It is believed that both methods of measuring concentrations are correct within less than 2%. The effect of mass transfer on the axial dispersion coefficient of the continuous phase in a 1.5-in. I.D. liquid-liquid extraction spray column was studied for various superficial velocities of two phases, and for various partitionable solute (acetic acid) concentrations in the continuous phase fed to the column. Tracer solution (sodium chloride solution) was injected steadily into the continuous phase in the column. Axial concentration profiles of the tracer were measured upstream, with respect to the continuous phase, from the tracer distributor. The steady state form of the dispersion equation was used to calculate the axial dispersion coefficient of the continuous phase. The results obtained show that there is no effect of mass transfer on the axial dispersion coefficient within the range of the investigation. Drop size distribution and holdup of the dispersed phase in the column also were measured. The drop size distribution always shows two peaks. It was found that there is no effect of mass transfer on both the drop size distribution and on the dispersed phase holdups within the range of investigation. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of / Graduate

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