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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Colora??o e sele??o sexual em Tropidurus hispidus

Maggi, Bruno de Souza 30 August 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-22T21:32:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoDeSouzaMaggi_TESE.pdf: 1944735 bytes, checksum: 3f8ff31d8a9b2321520912386e5a28f1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-24T22:46:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoDeSouzaMaggi_TESE.pdf: 1944735 bytes, checksum: 3f8ff31d8a9b2321520912386e5a28f1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-24T22:46:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoDeSouzaMaggi_TESE.pdf: 1944735 bytes, checksum: 3f8ff31d8a9b2321520912386e5a28f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Nesta proposta esperamos resolver as seguintes quest?es: 1. existe diferen?as na colora??o entre machos e f?meas de Tropidurus hispidus? 2. as f?meas utilizam caracter?sticas da colora??o para escolher parceiros? 3. a colora??o dos machos prediz o resultado de disputas em contextos agon?sticos? Tropidurus hispidus Spix (1825) a maior esp?cie do grupo Torquatus. Os lagartos desse g?nero s?o diurnos, extremamente abundantes, heli?filos, forrageadores senta-e-espera, territoriais, ocorrendo predominantemente em forma??es abertas. Utilizamos um espectrofot?metro para mensurar as vari?veis de cor e uma modelagem visual, utilizando os dados de sensibilidade visual do lagarto Podarcis mularis. Estes dados foram usados para responder a primeira quest?o. Para responder as quest?es 2 e 3 realizamos dois experimentos controlados, no qual pareamos os machos pelo tamanho. No primeiro, de escolha dos machos pelas f?meas, dois machos foram colocados em um terr?rio dividido em tr?s partes, cada macho ficava em um compartimento e n?o tinham contato visual entre eles e a f?meas no outro compartimento com total acesso visual aos dois machos. Para o segundo, de intera??es agon?sticas entre machos, os animais foram colocados em um terr?rio durante 30 min e neste per?odo foram registrado todos os comportamento para determinar os vencedores em cada rodada. Primeiramente, as vari?veis de cor foram usadas para diferenciar machos de f?meas. Nossos primeiros resultados mostraram claramente que T. hispidus exibe dicromatismo sexual e que este ? percebido por conspec?fico. Das onze ?reas do corpo usadas para comparar machos e f?meas, nove mostraram diferen?as significativas. Para a regi?o dorsal e cabe?a, o croma vermelho ? a vari?vel que mais discrimina machos de f?meas. J? para a regi?o ventral da coxa, cloaca, flanco, barriga e garganta o brilho ? a que melhor distingue machos de f?meas. Para a base da cauda a matiz ? o que melhor discrimina os sexos?. Ainda, o croma UV na regi?o ventral da base da cauda, tamb?m distingue os sexos. A modelagem visual mostrou que essas diferen?as s?o percebidas por outro lagarto, confirmando os dados de espectrofotometria. No experimento de escolha pelas f?meas a regi?o e a vari?vel que melhor discriminaram escolhidos e n?o escolhidos, foram, respectivamente ventral da coxa e croma 8. Para o experimento de competi??o entre os machos as regi?es barriga e colar, bem como as vari?veis croma azul, 3 e 8, melhor discriminaram vencedores e perdedores. Isso nos mostra que a diferen?a entre machos e f?meas v?o al?m das descritas na literaturas e que a colora??o tem um papel importante na competi??o inter e intrasexual. Com isso esperamos ter contribu?do para uma melhor compreens?o da evolu??o do design do sinal e como agem a sele??o intra- e intersexual neste processo. / In this study our goals were to address the following issues: Are there differences in coloration between males and females of Tropidurus hispidus? Do females use color traits to choose between mates? Does male coloration predict the outcome of agonistic encounters? Tropidurus hispidus Spix (1825), the larger species of the Torquatus group. Tropidurus are diurnal, extremely abundant, heliophiles, sit-and-wait foragers, and territorial lizards occurring predominantly in open areas. We used a spectrophotometer to measure color variables and visual modeling using visual sensitivity data for Podarcis mularis. This data was used to answer the first question. To answer questions 2 and 3 we performed two controlled experiments with size-paired males. First, we conducted a female mate-choice experiment where males were placed in a terraria enclosure with three separated parts. We assigned each male to a compartment in which they did not have mutual visual contact. Next, we assigned females to the third compartment that enabled visual contact to both the males. The second experiment consisted of an agonistic interaction set up where we placed a pair of males in a single terraria enclosure for 30 min. During the experiment period we recorded behavioral displays in order to determine winners of each trial. Separately, we used color variables to differentiate males from females. Our first results clearly showed that T. hispidus exhibits sexual dichromatism and that it is perceived as conspecific. Of the eleven areas of the body used to compare males and females, nine showed significant differences. For the dorsal region and head, the red chroma is the variable that most discriminates males from females. While for the ventral region of the thigh, cloaca, flank, belly and throat the glow is the one that best distinguishes males from females. For the base of the tail the tint better discriminates. The UV chroma in the ventral region of the tail base also distinguishes the sexes. The visual modeling showed that these differences are likely perceived by other lizards, confirming spectrophotometry data. In the experiment of choice by the females the region and the variable that discriminated best chosen and not chosen were respectively thigh ventral and chroma 8. For the competition experiment between the males the belly and collar regions, as well as the blue, 3 And 8 chroma variables, better discriminated winners and losers. This shows us that the difference between males and females goes beyond those described in literatures and that coloring plays an important role in inter and intra-sexual competition. With this we hope to have contributed to a better understanding of the evolution of the signal design and how the intra- and intersexual selection act in this process in T. hispidus.
2

Ecologia comportamental reprodutiva de Diastatops obscura Fabricius (Insecta, Odonata)

Irusta, Jorge Ba?uelos 19 March 2007 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JorgeBI.pdf: 1097245 bytes, checksum: c841c05107380380ead3a9c8500eb87f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-19 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / In this thesis I discuss the reproductive behaviour and ecology of the libellulid Diastatops obscura Fabricius, 1775, (Insecta: Odonata) in natural conditions. Populations of this species were studied on the middle stretch of the Pitimbu River, Parnamirim municipality, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, during four discontinuous periods between 2002 and 2004. The objectives include the description of strategies and behaviors of both sexes, with especial interest in the intra-male competition for territories and females, the mate selection by females and the importance of male body size and other secondary characters on their reproductive success; from an adaptationist point of view. It was observed that the behavior of males and females in the reproductive areas are interrelated : the males came earlier to compete for the best territories and the females waited the result of that competition to be fertilized by dominants males, which preferably occupied areas near the river margin. The reproductive success of males with territories on the margin, estimated by number of copulations, ovipositions and days acting as territorial, was better than obtained by more separated territorial males and by satellite males. The body size of males is an important factor for the copulation and oviposition taxes and for the number of territorial days, favoring the biggest individuals. I also discuss the apparently importance of wing brilliance and wing integrity on male reproductive success. On inter-sexual relationships, I proved that females of D. obscura participate in mate selection, rejecting non-territorial males or substituting their sperm for other of higher status / Nesta tese discutem-se os aspectos ecol?gicos e comportamentais relativos ? reprodu??o do libelul?deo Diastatops obscura Fabricius, 1775, (Insecta: Odonata), em ambiente natural. Foram estudadas popula??es dessa esp?cie no trecho m?dio do rio Pitimbu, no munic?pio de Parnamirim, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, durante quatro per?odos descont?nuos entre os anos 2002 e 2004. Entre os objetivos encontram-se a descri??o e compreens?o das estrat?gias e comportamentos reprodutivos de ambos os sexos, com especial ?nfase na competi??o entre os machos pelo acesso aos territ?rios reprodutivos e ?s f?meas, a escolha de parceiro pelas f?meas e a implica??o do tamanho e de outros caracteres secund?rios dos machos no seu sucesso reprodutivo; tudo desde um ponto de vista adaptacionista. Foi observado que os comportamentos de machos e f?meas nas ?reas reprodutivas est?o inter-relacionados: os machos chegam antes para competir pelos melhores territ?rios e as f?meas aguardam o resultado dessa competi??o para serem fertilizadas pelos machos dominantes, que ocupam os territ?rios na margem do rio. O sucesso reprodutivo dos machos que mant?m territ?rios na margem, estimado a partir do n?mero de c?pulas e ovoposi??es conseguidas pelas suas parceiras, comprovou-se maior do que aquele dos machos defendendo territ?rios mais afastados ou dos machos sat?lites. O tamanho corporal dos machos mostrou-se um fator importante na taxa de c?pulas e ovoposi??es conseguidas, e no n?mero de dias atuando como territorial, favorecendo em todos os casos os indiv?duos maiores. Discute-se, tamb?m, a aparente import?ncia no sucesso reprodutivo do grau de brilho nas asas dos machos e da preserva??o da integridade das mesmas ao longo do tempo. Sobre as rela??es intersexuais, comprovamos que as f?meas maduras participam da escolha de parceiro, rejeitando machos n?o territoriais ou substituindo seu esperma pelo procedente de machos de mais alta hierarquia

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