The present study investigates durations of acoustic segments under synchronous and delayed feedback conditions. Three subjects read a passage and four sentences at their normal rate (NORMAL), at a slow rate (SLOW SAF) under synchronous feedback, and then at a slow rate (SLOW DAF) and at a maximally fast rate (FAST DAF) under delayed auditory feedback. The delay used was determined for each subject so it would produce maximum speech disturbance. The hypotheses under test, on the basis of a pilot study were: (a) that under SLOW SAF and under delayed feedback, vowels would be prolonged proportionately more than consonants, and that continuants would be prolonged proportionately more than obstruents; and (b) that close vowels would be prolonged more under SLOW SAF and open vowels more under DAF conditions. Position in the syllable was expected to affect selectively increases in duration under DAF. The results, based on normalized data, confirmed that vowels were proportionately more prolonged than consonants under SLOW SAF and DAF conditions. Continuant consonants were proportionately more prolonged than obstruents under DAF conditions but not consistently under SLOW SAF. For the obstruents prevocalic closure was consistently more prolonged under DAF than under SLOW SAF. The hypothesis that close vowels would be prolonged more under SLOW SAF and open vowels more under DAF was not in general confirmed. The study further indicated that position in the syllable not only affected durations of segments under DAF but also under SLOW SAF: Under SLOW SAF consonants in postvocalic position were proportionately more prolonged and under DAF consonants in prevocalic position were proportionately more prolonged. It was also found that the durations of vowels in words such as function words increased proportionately more than the duration of vowels in other words and that the duration of the vowel /u/ increased proportionately more than that of open vowels. Moreover, /u/ occurred more frequently than other vowels in phonetic environments in which vowels are normally of longer duration. Finally, it is hypothesized that the syllable is a monitored unit under DAF and that the reflex level is involved in the DAF-induced speech disturbances. / Medicine, Faculty of / Audiology and Speech Sciences, School of / Graduate

While the benefits of academic testing and feedback have been well documented in the literature for more than a century; the optimal timing for providing feedback has yet to be determined. The number of studies that focus on when to deliver feedback following an assessment is limited. According to Brosvic and colleagues (2005), it is the length of time that the learner should retain the test material that best determines when feedback should be delivered. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of immediate versus delayed informative feedback on subsequent test performance of registered nursing (RN) students. The participants of this study included 300 RN students from ten different nursing programs in the United States. The study included two test administrations. Following each test administration, informative feedback was provided according to a pre-determined delivery schedule. The immediate feedback was displayed on screen when the examinee clicked to submit the exam for scoring. There were two groups of delayed feedback. One group received an informative feedback report via email 24 hours post the submission of their exams. The second group received the same feedback 72 hours post exam submission. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, version 24.0) was used to perform a one-way Analyses of Variance (ANOVA), comparing the mean of the test scores with the three independent groups. No statistically significant differences were found for Mean Scores [F(2, 297) = 1.771, p = .172] at the 95% confidence level. Therefore, the null hypothesis was not rejected. A retrospective power analysis showed 618 participants would be needed to achieve a statistically significant difference. Although the two tests were developed from the same test blueprint, the tests did assess differing learning objectives. Test 1 (Comprehensive Nursing Practice Test) assessed nursing concepts with questions that were more theoretical. Test 2 (EPE) assessed application of skills and abilities and the questions were more clinical in nature. Generally speaking, the participants performed higher on the theoretical Test 1 (Comprehensive Nursing Practice Test). Most RN students do not have clinical experience until the end of their academic program which coincided with the timing for this study. It is plausible that differences in curricula and faculty at each of the independent programs contributed to the differences in the test scores. Especially since the students had limited clinical exposure prior to Test 2.

No description available.

This research investigates the feasibility of web technology as a means of delivering facility information for better support of facility operations and maintenance. This study proposes a web-based feedback system as a pragmatic solution to the limitations of current facility management (FM) processes, increasing the efficiency of these processes via web technology. In practice, work orders and records are often misplaced, resulting in reduced efficiencies, redundancies, and time-consuming, costly tasks. This problem may be overcome by use of a system that stores information digitally and provides a web-based interface. The interface could allow operations personnel to create documentation, share and monitor work orders, provide feedback for service online, and facilitate communication between facility teams. The benefit for a FM department is that it can receive feedback on performance, which would improve the quality of service and build a record of practical experiences. In this research, the software was tested using two types of prototype testing: first, system testing to evaluate functionality, usability and capability; and second, a post-task questionnaire survey was conducted to test and review the concept, interface, and usability of the system. Facility Management Industry Advisor Council (FMIAC) members answered the questionnaires after using the system posted on the web. By using web-based feedback system, a facility web site can be created and maintained easily through a standard web browser. The questionnaires from the FMIAC members were analyzed to test research questions. The tests show that the software aids facilities managers in maintaining living documents of their facilities.

This research investigated the spectra of two different semiconductor lasers subjected to optical feedback. For the vertical -cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL),a wavelength selective element (Etalon) was used to feedback one of the transverse modes into the laser cavity. The experimental results showed that the multi-transverse modes could be suppressed to yield the fundamental mode output or a higher-order transverse mode output, in which the side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) where 14.8 dB and 6.4 dB respectively. For the external cavity AR-coated laser, we studied the feasibility of generating mode-locking pulses by the temporal modulation of orthogonal-polarization optical feedback (OPF). The RF spectrum analyzer was employed to analyze the interaction. The observation clearly presented the spectra of mode- locking-like pulses in the laser¡¦s output.

This research investigates the feasibility of web technology as a means of delivering facility information for better support of facility operations and maintenance. This study proposes a web-based feedback system as a pragmatic solution to the limitations of current facility management (FM) processes, increasing the efficiency of these processes via web technology. In practice, work orders and records are often misplaced, resulting in reduced efficiencies, redundancies, and time-consuming, costly tasks. This problem may be overcome by use of a system that stores information digitally and provides a web-based interface. The interface could allow operations personnel to create documentation, share and monitor work orders, provide feedback for service online, and facilitate communication between facility teams. The benefit for a FM department is that it can receive feedback on performance, which would improve the quality of service and build a record of practical experiences. In this research, the software was tested using two types of prototype testing: first, system testing to evaluate functionality, usability and capability; and second, a post-task questionnaire survey was conducted to test and review the concept, interface, and usability of the system. Facility Management Industry Advisor Council (FMIAC) members answered the questionnaires after using the system posted on the web. By using web-based feedback system, a facility web site can be created and maintained easily through a standard web browser. The questionnaires from the FMIAC members were analyzed to test research questions. The tests show that the software aids facilities managers in maintaining living documents of their facilities.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--New York University, School of Education. / Also on film. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record.

No description available.

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio University, November, 1980. / Title from PDF t.p.