Thesis (M.S.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Physics, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- McMaster University, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available via World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.Sc (Hons)) -- University of Western Sydney, Nepean, 2000. / "Submitted for the degree of Master of Engineering (Hons), School of Mechatronic, Computer & Electrical Engineering, University of Western Sydney, Nepean" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-114).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Jorge Piekarewicz, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Physics. Title and description from dissertation home page (Jan. 19, 2005). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (doctoral)--Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 64-65).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T20:15:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Mariana.pdf: 1116675 bytes, checksum: 738c76deac0f2328b64e8c58a2cbbd57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The double exchange model is used to describe different magnetocaloric materials containing localized magnetic moments and itinerant electrons. The model includes the Hund ruleexchange J betweenthelocalized spinsand theconductionelectrons. By using the equation of motion method, we apply a higher-order decoupling for the conduction electron Green s functions. The magnetism of the localized moments is described in terms of an effective Heisenberg model. We obtain a simple description of the magnetization curves and the isothermal entropy change ΔS. The results exhibit an additional low-temperature bump in the ΔS curves at low concentrations n separated from the usual maximum at the critical temperature. The method can also be addressed to the Kondo lattice compounds, in the case of a negative couping J. / O modelo da dupla troca é utilizado para descrever diferentes materiais magnetocalóricos contendo momentos magnéticos localizados e elétrons itinerantes. O modelo inclui a regra de Hund para a troca J entre os spins localizados e elétrons de condução. Utilizando o método de equações de movimento, aplicamos um desacoplamento de ordem superior para as funções de Green dos elétrons de condução. O magnetismo dos momentos magnéticos localizados é descrito em termos do modelo de Heisenberg efetivo. Obtemos uma descrição simples das curvas de magnetização e variação isotérmica da entropia ΔS. Os resultados exibem uma elevação nas curvas ΔS em baixa concentração de n separada do Maximo usual na temperatura crıtica. O método pode também se aplicado aos compostos da rede Kondo, no caso de acoplamento negativo J.

Title: Electronic properties and structure of selected rare earth and uranium compounds; influence of impurities Author: Jiří Pospíšil Abstract: This thesis is devoted to studies of influence of impurities and/or chemical varieties on magnetic and superconducting properties of selected metallic materials containing rare earth and uranium. The research generally consisted of the defined preparation of studied materials, detailed composition and structure characterisation, experiments focussed on determination of mutually related magnetic, transport and thermal properties followed by data analysis of relations between material composition/quality and material properties. The technology phase was carried out in two ways - 1) preparation of the best pure materials as possible and 2) controlled doping of pure materials. Three main study cases have been chosen: SmPd2Al3 - the representative of the complex magnetism of the Sm3+ ion, the so far unexplored superconductor YPd2Al3 were selected as the RE materials candidates and the controversial ferromagnetic superconductor UCoGe. The key ingredient of the initial technology phase was the refining the commercially available best element metals to the laboratory best achievable purity grade by the unique Solid State Electrotransport (SSE) method. SSE has been also...

Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-06-25T21:09:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIUS VINICIUS ROCHA MACHADO -TESE (PPGCEMat) 2015.pdf: 3378243 bytes, checksum: 8988e719f1f296de2f74c587ed4f5ba8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T21:09:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCIUS VINICIUS ROCHA MACHADO -TESE (PPGCEMat) 2015.pdf: 3378243 bytes, checksum: 8988e719f1f296de2f74c587ed4f5ba8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / Esse trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar a influência do tipo de precursor, fonte de íons de ferro, e sua concentração na dopagem do sistema Zn1-xFexO de modo a se obter um produto com ferrimagnetismo a temperatura ambiente para uso como semicondutor magnético diluído. Para esse fim, inicialmente avaliou-se a influência do tipo de precursor (nitrato de ferro III, sulfato de ferro II e acetato de ferro II) sobre a estrutura, morfologia, propriedades térmicas e magnéticas do sistema Zn1-xFexO com concentração de íons de Fe2+ e Fe3+ de 0,4 mol. Posteriormente avaliou-se o efeito da concentração de íons de ferro III variando de 0,05 a 0,4 mol sobre a estrutura e magnetismo do sistema Zn1- xFexO. Durante as reações para obtenção do produto foram feitas medições de temperatura e do tempo de reação. As amostras foram caracterizadas por: difração de raios X, análise química por fluorescência de raios X por energia dispersiva, microscopia eletrônica de varredura com mapeamento por EDS, distribuição granulométrica, análise por adsorção de nitrogênio, magnetometria de amostra vibrante e análise termogravimétrica. Os resultados mostraram que o tipo de precursor influenciou diretamente na estrutura, morfologia e magnetismos das amostras, sendo o precursor nitrato de ferro III o que possibilitou à formação de um material ferrimagnético a temperatura ambiente. Para as amostras dopadas, os espectros de DRX mostraram que até a concentração de 0,20 mol de íons ferro III resultou num sistema monofásico com comportamento ferrimagnético à temperatura ambiente, o que caracterizou a formação de um semicondutor magnético diluído. Para demais concentrações foi observado traços da fase FeFe2O4 e que às interações de troca entre os íons Fe - Fe e possivelmente o aumento da concentração de vacância de oxigênio na rede do ZnO suprimiu o comportamento ferrimagnético pela competição do comportamento ferrimagnético/paramagnético. Portanto, pode-se concluir que o precursor nitrato de ferro III com concentração de até 0,20 mol foi a melhor condição para obtenção de produto com característica para uso como semicondutor magnético diluído usando a técnica de síntese por reação de combustão. / The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence the type of precursor, source of iron ions, and its concentration in the doping Zn1-xFexO system in order to obtain a product with ferromagnetism at room temperature for use as magnetic semiconductor diluted. For this purpose, it was firstly evaluated the influence of the type of precursor (iron III nitrate, iron sulfate II, iron acetate II) on the structure, morphology, thermal and magnetic properties of Zn1-xFexO system concentration of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions of 0.4 mol. After that, it was evaluated the effect of concentration of iron III ions ranging from 0.05 to 0.4 mol on the structure and magnetism of Zn1-xFexO system. During the reactions, there were made measurements of temperature and time. The samples were characterized by: X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis by fluorescence X-ray energy dispersive, scanning electron microscopy, with mapping by EDS, particle size analysis, analysis by nitrogen adsorption, vibrating sample magnetometer and thermal gravimetric analysis. The results have shown that the type of precursor influenced directly the structure, morphology and magnetism of the samples and the precursor of iron nitrate III was the one which favored the obtention of the ferromagnetism material monophasic at room temperature. For the doped samples, the XRD spectra showed that the concentrations until 0.20 mol of iron III ions resulted in a monophasic system with ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature, which characterized the formation of a diluted magnetic semiconductor. For the other concentrations, it was observed traces of MnFe2O4 phase and that the exchange interactions between the ionsFe - Fe and possibly the increasing of oxygen vacancy concentration in ZnO network suppressed the ferromagnetic behavior by the competition of ferromagnetic / paramagnetic one. Therefore, it can be concluded that the precursor of iron III nitrate concentration to 0.20 mol was the best condition for obtaining a product with characteristics for use as a dilute magnetic semiconductor using the synthetic technique by combustion.

La découverte de l'effet Hall quantique par von Klitzing en 1980 a ouvert la voie à ce qui sera connu plus tard comme la théorie topologique des bandes. Dans le cadre de cette théorie, on ne s'intéresse plus uniquement à la relation de dispersion énergétique des électrons dans les cristaux, mais aussi à l'organisation topologique de la structure de bande. Cette théorie a permis la découverte d'une nouvelle phase de la matière, représentée par les isolants topologiques. Ces isolants topologiques ont de particulier qu'ils se comportent comme des isolants normaux dans le bulk, mais présentent des états de surface conducteurs. Dans cette thèse, on s'intéresse particu- lièrement aux isolants topologiques dits Z2, pour lesquels les états de surface sont protégés par la symétrie de renversement du temps : ils ne peuvent disparaître en présence d'une perturbation qui préserve cette symétrie sans que le système ne traverse une transition de phase quantique. Pour les isolants topologiques à trois dimensions, nous proposons dans cette thèse, un critère expérimental utilisant les oscillations quantiques magnétiques, permettant d'identifier un type particulier d'isolants topologiques : les isolants topologiques forts. Pour les systèmes à deux dimensions, nous nous sommes intéressés aux phénomènes liés à la rupture de la symétrie par renversement du temps à cause de la présence d'un ordre antiferro- magnétique. Dans ce cas, la symétrie d'importance devient le renversement du temps fois une translation. Dans ce contexte, nous avons tout d'abord établi analytiquement l'expression d'un invariant topologique pour les systèmes présentant aussi la symétrie d'inversion. Nous avons ensuite adapté trois méthodes numériques normalement utilisées dans le cadre des isolants topo- logiques invariants par renversement du temps : la méthode de la phase de jonction, la méthode des centres de charge des fonctions de Wannier et la construction explicite des états de bord. Nous avons montré qu'elles permettaient de tester la nature triviale ou topologique de plusieurs modèles théoriques pour lesquelles aucune méthode n'existait, par exemple les systèmes sans symétrie d'inversion. / The discovery of the quantum Hall effect by von Klitzing in 1980 paved the way for what is now known as topological band theory. In this theory, we are interested not only in the energy spectra of the electrons in crystals, but also in the topological structure of the bands. A new phase of matter was discovered thanks to this theory : the topological insulators. Topological insulators are unique in the sense that they behave like trivial insulators in the bulk, but possess metallic edge states. In this thesis, we are particularly interested in so-called Z2 topological insulators, whose edge states are protected by time reversal symmetry : they cannot disappear in the presence of a perturbation that respects this symmetry, without the system undergoing a quantum phase transition. For three-dimensional topological insulators, we propose an experimental criterion based on magnetic quantum oscillations to identify a special kind of topological insulators : the strong topological insulator. In two dimensions, we study the consequences of time reversal symmetry breaking due to anti-ferromagnetic order. In this case, the important symmetry is time reversal times a trans- lation. In this context, we first establish an analytical expression for systems that also have inversion symmetry. We then adapt three numerical methods usually employed for time reversal symmetric systems : the reconnection phase method, the Wannier charge center method and the explicit construction of edge states. We show that they are useful to probe the topology of models for which no methods were available ; such as non-centrosymmetric systems.