This thesis is concerned with the options of the choice of the appropriate way for citizens to save or invest their financial means in order to prepare for the era of the postproductive age -- retirement. It is obvious that a significant drop of income occurs after the end of the productive period of life. The pensions are not sufficient for maintaining a certain level of living and that is why it is important to prepare for this postproductive period in advance and to create financial reserves. The current financial market offers the citizens a variety of means and options to not only appropriately save their financial means but to take interest from them as well. The thesis characterizes individual saving or investment products while focusing on their safety, the possibility of interest and basic advantages and disadvantages. Life insurance is mentioned in the first place, though it does not offer a high profit, it provides insurance security unlike other possibilities and it definitely should not be overlooked. The thesis also briefly deals with several changes concerning the pensions system since 1.1.2013.

Во Введении обоснована актуальность темы исследования, описана методологическая и эмпирическая база исследования, поставлены цель и задачи. В первой главе представлен обзор научной и методологической литературы, выявлена система определений объекта и предмета, отвечающие цели исследования. Систематизированы сложившиеся модели, подходы и методы к оценке стоимости предприятий, выявлены те из них, которые наиболее полно отвечают реалиям настоящего времени. Вторая глава посвящена аналитическому описанию формирования финансовых резервов на малых предприятиях и финансовому анализу трех предприятий малого бизнеса. Здесь же сформулирована проблема недостатка единого подхода к формированию финансовых резервов на малых предприятиях. В третьей главе проведена апробация разработанного подхода на трех исследуемых малых предприятиях. Произведен перерасчет коэффициентов и налоговой нагрузки. Итоговые выводы по работе в целом приведены в Заключении. / The Introduction substantiates the relevance of the research topic, describes the methodological and empirical base of the study, sets the goal and objectives. The First Chapter provides an overview of scientific and methodological literature, identified a system of definitions of the object and subject that meet the objectives of the study. The existing models, approaches and methods for assessing the value of enterprises are systematized, those that most fully meet the realities of the present time are identified. The second chapter is devoted to an analytical description of the formation of financial reserves in small enterprises and the financial analysis of three small businesses. The problem of the lack of a unified approach to the formation of financial reserves in small enterprises is also formulated here. In the third chapter, the approbation of the developed approach was carried out at three small enterprises studied. The coefficients and tax burden were recalculated. The final conclusions on the work as a whole are given in the Conclusion.