The top quark is the heaviest particle in Standard Model. When it is produced with a large Lorentz boost, its decay products tend to overlap, making the standard reconstruction techniques inefficient; large R jet substructure analysis techniques allow to increase the detection efficiency for these events. Various differential cross section measurements of boosted t-tbar from pp collisions with sqrt(s)=8 TeV are presented: with respect to the mass, to the transverse momentum and the pseudorapidity of the t-tbar system. The results here have been obtained using a sample of 20 fb^-1, recorded by ATLAS during 2012. The events are selected with a cut-based approach in the single lepton plus jets decay channel, where the lepton can be either an electron or a muon. The final background-subtracted distributions are corrected for the distortion introduced by the detector and selection effects using unfolding methods. The measurements are dominated by the systematic uncertainties, and are in agreement with the Standard Model, even if it can be seen a general tendency of the theoretical predictions to overestimate the measured cross section for increasing transverse momentum and mass of the t-tbar system.

Since the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012, the aim of the correlated physics analyses moved towards the measurement of its properties to verify the consistence with the Standard Model and to study possible signals of physics Beyond Standard Model. In particular, any discrepancy in the Higgs-SM couplings would point to new physics contributions. The ttH channels is a privileged channel for this pourpose, because it depends on a small number of BSM parameters. In this thesis the analysis of the production of a Higgs boson in association with a top and anti-top quark couple and decay into multi-leptonic final states in ATLAS at LHC is described. The analysis is focused on the channel defined by two light leptons of the same sign and no hadronic tau leptons in both Run I and Run II. The analysis is an essential preparatory step for the 2016 data-taking. After introducing the Higgs boson, LHC and the ATLAS experiment, the results of the Run I analysis are presented, which pose a first limit on the deviation of the cross section from the SM. A large part of the thesis is dedicated to the data-driven estimation of the main background of this channel, fake leptons produced in meson decays, using a technique denominated matrix method. This alternative background estimation is explained and applied to the analysis, producing alternative results. In the last part of the thesis, the first stages of the analysis of the 2015 data is shown, in preparation of the 2016 data-taking.

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Compelling evidence of the existence of cosmic neutrinos has been reported by the IceCube collaboration. Some features of this signal could be explained by a Northern/Southern sky asymmetry of the flux. This possible asymmetry would be related to the presence of the bulk our Galaxy in the Southern sky. The ANTARES neutrino telescope, located in the Mediterranean Sea, consists of a three dimensional array of 885 10-inch photomultiplier tubes distributed along twelve vertical lines. Its effective area and its good exposure to the Southern Sky would allow to constrain an enhanced muon neutrino emission from extended sources. An excess of events from the Galactic Plane is searched for. A signal region around the inner Galactic Plane is defined; the background from atmospheric events is estimated looking at data from off-zones for which ANTARES has the same exposure as for the signal region. The ANTARES sensitivity to such a flux has been computed. The results of the analysis after unblinding will be presented.

Con questo lavoro è stata effettuata una misura della differenza $\Delta \mu = \Delta (m / |z|)$ fra il rapporto massa su carica del deutone (d) e dell'anti-deutone (${\rm \overline{d}}$), e del nucleo di ${\rm ^{3}He}$ e di anti-${\rm ^{3}He}$ con l'esperimento ALICE ad LHC in collisioni Pb--Pb a un'energia nel centro di massa per coppia di nucleoni $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76~{\rm TeV}$. Le misure sono pari a ${\Delta \mu}_{\rm{d\bar{d}}}/{\mu}_{\rm{d}} = [0.9 \pm 0.5 (\rm{stat.}) \pm 1.4 (\rm{syst.})] \times 10^{-4}$ e ${\Delta \mu}_{\rm{^{3}He ^{3}\overline{He}}}/{\mu}_{\rm{^{3}He}} = [-1.2 \pm 0.9 (\rm{stat.}) \pm 1.0 (\rm{syst.})] \times 10^{-3}$. Combinando questi risultati con le misure esistenti delle masse dei (anti-)nucleoni, sono state estratte le corrispondenti differenze di energia di legame ${\Delta \varepsilon}_{\rm{d\bar{d}}}/{\varepsilon}_{\rm{d}} = -0.04 \pm 0.05(\rm{stat.}) \pm 0.12(\rm{syst.})$ e ${\Delta \varepsilon}_{\rm{^{3}He ^{3}\overline{He}}}/{\varepsilon}_{\rm{^{3}He}} = 0.24 \pm 0.16(\rm{stat.}) \pm 0.18(\rm{syst.})$. I risultati verificano, con una precisione senza precedenti, l'invarianza CPT nel settore dei nuclei leggeri. / With this work a measurement of the difference $\Delta \mu = \Delta (m / |z|)$ between the mass-over-charge ratio of deuteron (d) and anti-deuteron (${\rm \overline{d}}$), and ${\rm ^{3}He}$ and ${\rm ^{3}\overline{He}}$ nuclei, carried out with the ALICE experiment in Pb--Pb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=~2.76~\rm{TeV}$ has been performed. The measurement yields ${\Delta \mu}_{\rm{d\bar{d}}}/{\mu}_{\rm{d}} = [0.9 \pm 0.5 (\rm{stat.}) \pm 1.4 (\rm{syst.})] \times 10^{-4}$ and ${\Delta \mu}_{\rm{^{3}He ^{3}\overline{He}}}/{\mu}_{\rm{^{3}He}} = [-1.2 \pm 0.9 (\rm{stat.}) \pm 1.0 (\rm{syst.})] \times 10^{-3}$. Combining these results with existing measurements of the masses of the (anti-)nucleons, the relative binding energy differences are extracted, ${\Delta \varepsilon}_{\rm{d\bar{d}}}/{\varepsilon}_{\rm{d}} = -0.04 \pm 0.05(\rm{stat.}) \pm 0.12(\rm{syst.})$ and ${\Delta \varepsilon}_{\rm{^{3}He ^{3}\overline{He}}}/{\varepsilon}_{\rm{^{3}He}} = 0.24 \pm 0.16(\rm{stat.}) \pm 0.18(\rm{syst.})$. These results test, to an unprecedented precision, the CPT invariance in the sector of light nuclei.

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This thesis is mainly about the search for exotic heavy particles -Intermediate Mass Magnetic Monopoles, Nuclearites and Q-balls with the SLIM experiment at the Chacaltaya High Altitude Laboratory (5230 m, Bolivia), establishing upper limits (90% CL) in the absence of candidates, which are among the best if not the only one for all three kind of particles. A preliminary study of the background induced by cosmic neutron in CR39 at the SLIM site, using Monte Carlo simulations. The measurement of the elemental abundance of the primary cosmic ray with the CAKE experiment on board of a stratospherical balloon; the charge distribution obtained spans in the range 5≤Z≤31. Both experiments were based on the use of plastic Nuclear Track Detectors, which records the passage of ionizing particles; by using some chemical reagents such passage can be make visible at optical microscopes.