This thesis is concerned with non-invasive ultrasonic flow measurement, using the transit time principle. The errors associated with the transit-time flowmeter are investigated and a design of flowmeter is suggested. A theoretical and experimental study of the transmission of sound through pipe walls is carried out where it is shown that advantage can be taken of the excitation of Lamb modes. A design of transducer arrangement is made from the results of the work. A solution to the difficult problem of measuring very small times is provided in the form of a novel vernier timing system. The benefits and disadvantages of this timing system are discussed along with the design aspects of other electronic circuits required in the construction of the flowmeter. The flawmeter has been built and tested in the laboratory and is shown to be highly repeatable and accurate. The results of testing the flowmeter compare favourably with tests conducted on a commercial instrument. Improvements to the design and construction and suggestions for further work are given.

This thesis deals with the theoretical and experimental investigation of two-phase flow for a dielectric liquid electromagnetic flowmeter. So far only limited investigations into the possible use of electromagnetic flowmeters for multiphase flow measurement have been made. These have been restricted to electromagnetic flowmeters designed for conducting water based (electrolytic) fluids. The possibility of designing electromagnetic flowmeters for use with insulating (dielectric) fluids such as oil and petrol has existed for some years. However the measurement of two-phase flow of insulating fluids using electromagnetic flowmeters and the application of this knowledge to the measurement of the separate phases has not yet been a subject for research. An analytical model is developed which evaluates a transformer signal that is produced on the electrodes when a bubble unbalances eddy currents while it passes through the meter. The shape and magnitude of this signal for various positions in the pipe cross-section is investigated. The behaviour of this transformer signal for various electrode shapes is studied as well and it is found that when using large area electrodes the position of the amplitude along the pipe axis remains almost constant. For measuring the speed of bubbles passing through the meter a frequency analysis is carried out and shows that the peak frequency of the signal is proportional to the velocity of the bubbles. A flowmeter is built to carry out experimental work. The first sets of experiments are carried out with plastic beads fixed on a thin string which is attached around two wheels. The speed of the beads is adjusted by an electromotor which powered one wheel. In a second experimental design gas bubbles are injected in a vertical pipe which is filled with dielectric oil. Both types of experiments exhibit the behaviour predicted in theoretical analysis.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 10284.pdf: 2486069 bytes, checksum: 20878b727a99c4512cfcae6179c9ff90 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:54:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 12801.pdf: 2431192 bytes, checksum: b7e93ba00685003bca6016af5031d88f (MD5) / Dissertação (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia) / IPEN/D-MPLO / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:59:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / A avaliação metrológica da incerteza da medição, apesar de estar normalizada internacionalmente (ISO-GUM, 1995) desde a metade dos anos 90, só agora está se popularizando nas indústrias, nas escolas técnicas e de engenharia. Em algumas áreas, como na metrologia dimensional, está avançada e em outras, como na medição de variáveis de processos industriais tais como vazão, pressão e temperatura, ainda está numa fase intermediara. Um dos principais entraves para essa popularização é a falta de padronização da nomenclatura nas especificações técnicas dos instrumentos de medição, onde se declara a incerteza, por exemplo, de 1% de ?acurácia? sem definir se é percentual da leitura, da faixa calibrada ou da faixa máxima. Ou ainda, sem definir se a probabilidade de abrangência é 68, 95 ou 99,7%. Esse trabalho entra nesse cenário com a pretensão de clarificar e simplificar esses conceitos, começando pelo histórico da evolução do pensamento que transformou a incerteza numa variável quantitativa com sua avaliação efetuada de uma maneira padronizada e internacionalmente aceita. Em seguida é feita uma descrição conceitual sucinta do método ISO-GUM e também é desvendado o intrincado jogo de palavras e fórmulas das declarações de incertezas dos fabricantes de instrumentos de medição. Com o domínio desses conceitos, partimos para efetuar dois exemplos numéricos de avaliação metrológica de incertezas na medição de vazão, usando um conjuntos de fórmulas semelhantes Ás publicadas por renomados fabricantes de instrumentos de medição. No primeiro exemplo usando a medição de vazão por pressão diferencial com placa de orifício e no segundo usando um medidor volumétrico, nos quais são identificadas e quantificadas todas as potenciais fontes de incerteza. A visualização e a analise é feita através de gráficos e planilhas em Excel. / Dissertação (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:49:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:02:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 10284.pdf: 2486069 bytes, checksum: 20878b727a99c4512cfcae6179c9ff90 (MD5) / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:54:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:06:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 12801.pdf: 2431192 bytes, checksum: b7e93ba00685003bca6016af5031d88f (MD5) / Dissertação (Mestrado Profissionalizante em Lasers em Odontologia) / IPEN/D-MPLO / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP; Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo

Published Article / Although research has been conducted in the field of Acoustic Doppler Borehole Flowmeters (ADBF), it has been focused on point source of flow and three dimensional borehole flow techniques. However as of yet, no studies have been conducted on the possible use of Acoustic Doppler Borehole Profiling (ADBP). This technique of borehole flow measurement is possibly a revolutionary concept in how vertical flow in a borehole is measured. It makes use of a single inexpensive transducer that can float on the surface of the water in a borehole and use Acoustic Doppler techniques to profile the flow in a borehole. No complicated and expensive flow probe winching systems will be required. Another added benefit of the ADBP will be the non-evasive technologies that comprise its design. Current borehole flow probes are required to be present at the point of flow measurement in the borehole. The presence of the probe inadvertently alters the flow in the borehole by adding resistance to the flow in the borehole. Under stressed or pumped flow tests these flow resistance effects cause sufficient pressure gradients at the flow sensors to divert part of the flow away from the sensor. This causes erroneous readings of flow as a part of the flow in the borehole is not accounted for. In ADBP the sensor is not physically present at the point of flow being read. This makes the ADBP technique of borehole flow measurement far more representative of the natural flow conditions in the borehole under ambient and stressed conditions.