Operators, especially those managing production from deepwater reservoirs, are striving to produce hydrocarbons at higher and higher rates without exposing the wells to completion failure risk. To avoid screen failures, recent studies have favored gravel pack (GP) and high rate water pack (HRWP) completions over high-permeability fracturing (HPF), known in the vernacular as a frac&pack (FP) for very high rate wells. While a properly designed GP completion may prevent sand production, it does not stop formation fines migration, and, over time, fines accumulation in the GP will lead to increasing completion skin. Although, and not always, the skin can be removed by acidizing, it is not practical to perform repeated acid treatments on deepwater wells, particularly those with subsea wellheads, and the alternative has been to subject the completion to increasingly high drawdown, accepting a high skin effect. A far better solution is to use a HPF completion. Of course the execution of a successful HPF is not a trivial exercise, and frequently, there is a steep learning curve for such a practice. This work explains the importance to HPF completions of the well trajectory through the interval to be hydraulically fractured, for production, not execution, reasons. A new model quantifies the effect of the well inclination on the connectivity between the fracture and the well via perforations. Guidelines based on the maximum target production rate, including forecasts of multiphase flow, are provided to size the HPF completion to avoid common completion failures that may result from high fluid rate and/or fines movement. Skin model will be developed for both vertical and deviated wells. Once the HPF is properly designed and executed, the operators should end up with a long term low skin good completion quality well. The well will be safely produced at the maximum flow rates, with no need for well surveillance and monitoring.

Thèse de doctorat : Sciences. Informatique : Paris 12 : 2004. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

Reproduction de : Thèse doctorat : Médecine. Hématologie.Biomolécules et dynamique cellulaire : Reims : 2004. / Bibliogr.

Reproduction de : Thèse d'université : Génie biologique et médical : Grenoble 1 : 1993. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 209-221.

Thèse doctorat : Informatique : Nancy 1 : 2007. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2003. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xxii, 177 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 151-154) and index.

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Streamline simulators have received increased attention because of their ability to effectively handle multimillion cell detailed geologic models and large simulation models. The efficiency of streamline simulation has relied primarily on their ability to take large timesteps with fewer pressure solutions within an IMPES formulation. However, unlike conventional finite-difference simulators, no clear guidelines are currently available for the choice of timestep for pressure and velocity updates. That is why we need largely an uncontrolled approximation, either managed by engineering judgment or by potentially time-consuming timestep size sensitivity studies early in a project. This will clearly lead us to the lack of understanding of numerical stability and error estimates during the solution. This research presents a novel approach for timestep selection during streamline simulation that is based on three elements. First, we reformulate the equations to be solved by a streamline simulator to include all of the three-dimensional flux terms - both aligned with and transverse to the flow directions. These transverse flux terms are totally neglected within the existing streamline simulation formulations. Second, we propose a simple grid-based corrector algorithm to update the saturation to account for the transverse flux. Third, we provide a discrete CFL (Courant-Friedrich-Levy) formulation for the corrector step that leads to a mechanism to ensure numerical stability via the choice of a stable timestep for pressure updates. This discrete CFL formulation now provides us with the same tools for timestep control as are available within conventional reservoir simulators. We demonstrate the validity and utility of our approach using a series of numerical experiments in homogeneous and heterogeneous ¼ five-spot patterns at various mobility ratios. For these numerical experiments, we pay particular attention to favorable mobility ratio displacements, as they are known to be challenging to streamline simulation. Our results clearly demonstrate the impact of the transverse flux correction on the accuracy of the solution and on the appropriate choice of timestep, across a range of mobility ratios. The proposed approach eliminates much of the subjectivity associated with streamline simulation, and provides a basis for automatic control of pressure timestep within full field streamline applications.

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