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The act of raising the heel up is an essential portion of the gait cycle in humans, comprising the third rocker in the gait cycle. This act further demands specific motions from the hindfoot, and the surrounding structures. These motions have been previously studied and are reasonably well understood. End-stage osteoarthritis of the ankle (or ESOA) has been theorized to affect not only the ankle joint, but the same joints required for heel rise. (i.e. - hindfoot, lower leg, and foot) In the present research, the powerful effect that ESOA has on the lower leg, hindfoot and forefoot biomechanical relationship was demonstrated as significantly different from that of healthy age and sex-matched controls. This has implications not only for further research, but potentially treatment as well.

The act of raising the heel up is an essential portion of the gait cycle in humans, comprising the third rocker in the gait cycle. This act further demands specific motions from the hindfoot, and the surrounding structures. These motions have been previously studied and are reasonably well understood. End-stage osteoarthritis of the ankle (or ESOA) has been theorized to affect not only the ankle joint, but the same joints required for heel rise. (i.e. - hindfoot, lower leg, and foot) In the present research, the powerful effect that ESOA has on the lower leg, hindfoot and forefoot biomechanical relationship was demonstrated as significantly different from that of healthy age and sex-matched controls. This has implications not only for further research, but potentially treatment as well.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 37-41). / viii, 52 leaves, bound ill. 29 cm

Abatement of damage caused by wildlife is an ongoing challenge throughout the world. Kangaroos are often considered problem species in Australia because they cause damage to vehicles and farm properties, as well as compete with livestock for food and water. Kangaroos are currently controlled in some areas by exclusion fencing, but mostly by shooting. The general public is applying pressure for the use of non-lethal methods of control with minimal pain to the animal and high target specificity. Deterrents are a common non-lethal method to control problem wildlife. (For complete abstract open document)

Diss. (sammanfattning) Luleå : Univ., 2000. / Härtill 10 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.P.H.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Public Health, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 274-289).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Animal Science, 2006. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Nov. 20, 2008) Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-153). Also issued in print.