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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Iterative Decoding and Channel Estimation over Hidden Markov Fading Channels

Khan, Anwer Ali 24 May 2000 (has links)
Since the 1950s, hidden Markov models (HMMS) have seen widespread use in electrical engineering. Foremost has been their use in speech processing, pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, queuing theory, and communications theory. However, recent years have witnessed a renaissance in the application of HMMs to the analysis and simulation of digital communication systems. Typical applications have included signal estimation, frequency tracking, equalization, burst error characterization, and transmit power control. Of special significance to this thesis, however, has been the use of HMMs to model fading channels typical of wireless communications. This variegated use of HMMs is fueled by their ability to model time-varying systems with memory, their ability to yield closed form solutions to otherwise intractable analytic problems, and their ability to help facilitate simple hardware and/or software based implementations of simulation test-beds. The aim of this thesis is to employ and exploit hidden Markov fading models within an iterative (turbo) decoding framework. Of particular importance is the problem of channel estimation, which is vital for realizing the large coding gains inherent in turbo coded schemes. This thesis shows that a Markov fading channel (MFC) can be conceptualized as a trellis, and that the transmission of a sequence over a MFC can be viewed as a trellis encoding process much like convolutional encoding. The thesis demonstrates that either maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) algorithms or maximum <I> a posteriori</I> (MAP) algorithms operating over the trellis defined by the MFC can be used for channel estimation. Furthermore, the thesis illustrates sequential and decision-directed techniques for using the aforementioned trellis based channel estimators <I>en masse</I> with an iterative decoder. / Master of Science
2

Communications coopératives dans les réseaux autour du corps humain / Cooperative communications in body area networks

Ferrand, Paul 21 June 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse a pour but d'évaluer la performance théorique des approches coopératives pour la fiabilisation des transmissions dans les réseaux autour du corps humain. Ces réseaux sont formés d'un nombre limité de capteurs communicants disposés sur et dans le corps. Les techniques de coopération dans les réseaux de cette taille sont extrêmement dépendantes de l'information disponible quand à la qualité des canaux de communication au moment de la transmission. Sous une hypothèse de connaissance de la valeur moyenne à moyen et long terme de l'affaiblissement de ces canaux, nous dérivons une approximation du taux d'erreur paquet de bout en bout pour des techniques de relayage. Nous présentons également, pour certains de ces modèles, une allocation de puissance asymptotiquement optimale, fournissant un gain sur une large plage des puissances d'émission. En supposant ensuite que les noeuds ont une connaissance parfaite de l'état du réseau, nous étudions la capacité de Shannon sur des canaux à relais, et des canaux comprenant deux émetteurs coopérant entre eux. Pour ces deux modèles, nous montrons que lorsque l'on cherche à optimiser la répartition de puissance totale disponible à l'émission, l'étude se réduit à celle d'un modèle de canal équivalent simplifiant grandement l'analyse de la capacité et fournissant des solutions analytiques aux problèmes d'allocation de ressources. Nous présentons enfin une plate-forme de mesures pour les réseaux autour du corps humain, permettant de relever de manière quasi-simultanée l'intégralité des affaiblissements des liens entre les nœuds du réseau. Cette plateforme nous permet de traiter de la stabilité de ces liens et de la validité de l'hypothèse de réciprocité. Nous évaluons également la corrélation spatiale de l'affaiblissement des liens et nous montrons en particulier que celle-ci varie fortement au cours du mouvement, mais de façon suffisamment lente pour être estimée au fil de l'eau. / This thesis aimed at studying the theoretical performance bounds of cooperative techniques in Body Area Networks (BAN). These networks are sensor networks, with a small number of nodes located on and inside the human body. Cooperative techniques are extremely dependent on the channel side information available at the time of transmission. Considering statistical information about the channel fading and the short-term mean of the signal, we derive an asymptotic approximation of the packet error rate under the so-called block fading channel model. Using this approximation, we can express in closed-form asymptotically optimal power allocation among transmitting nodesfor various models of relay channels. Under a complete channel knowledge hypothesis, we then study the Shannon capacity of small-scale cooperative networks, namely relay channels and cooperative multiple access channels. We show that for these networks, when you aim at optimizing the global power allocation of the whole network, the problem is equivalent to a simpler problem on an equivalent channel model. Using this equivalence, we are able to derive a number of closed-form resource allocation for relay channels and cooperative multiple access channels. In the last part of the manuscript, we present a measurement platform for BAN where the quality of every link in the network is gathered in a quasi-simultaneous manner. This platform allows us to discuss results and assess hypotheses on the stability and reciprocity of BAN links. We also evaluate the variation of the spatial correlation of the links during a walking scenario, and show that although the correlation matrix may vary a lot during the movement, it does so sufficiently slowly to be estimated on-line by an adequate protocole, paving the way to more precise resource allocation techniques and relay selection protocols.

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