Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Elisa Sena Klein da Rosa.pdf: 1325679 bytes, checksum: ff0ceea43091284f2a08c54cdfbf60d9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The relationship of the body in old age is very particular to each individual. Norbert Elias (2001) discussed the difficulty that our own body, so full of freshness and often pleasant sensations, can be slow, tired and clumsy. We cannot imagine it, and basically we do not want it. The fall followed by femoral fracture causes huge strangeness, an image in which the elder cannot identify himself, resulting in a disconnection between the image of the unconscious of the body and the image that the mirror gives him back. The objective of this study was to delineate the socio-demographic profile of 40 elders (31 females and 9 males) with femur fracture in surgical indication for pre operative phase, attended by the Service of Orthopedics of the Hospital of the State Public Servant of São Paulo (HSPESP). It is a cross-sectional observational study, and the data were collected through visits to files of medical records and semi-structured interviews, during the period of October 2010 to February 2011. All statistical analyzes were performed by SPSS for Windows, version 15.0. The age of the subjects studied ranged from 62 to 97 years old, with an average age equal to 78.9 years old, 77.5% were female, and 72.5% cared by a family caregiver. A factor of extreme relevance was that 97.5% of the subjects use more than 3 concomitant medicines daily. These and many others facts were raised with the intention of cross factors that reflect in the trial of human ageing. For the Gerontology, old age is to be understood by different looks. The social, cultural and subjective aspects permeate and intertwine in old age. With this study was possible to notice that a public health policy is necessary for that the rate of falls can be reduced by taking actions which are intended to give the elderly a better self-awareness of his body, and identify situations that can be harmful in relation to increase the risk of falls / A percepção sobre o corpo na velhice é muito particular para cada ser. A esse respeito, Norbert Elias (2001) discorre sobre a dificuldade sentida pelas pessoas quando seus corpos, tão cheios de frescor e muitas vezes de sensações agradáveis, passam a ficar vagarosos, cansados e desajeitados. Não se pode imaginar tal mudança e, no fundo, não se quer. Nesse sentido, a queda acompanhada de fratura femoral causa enorme estranheza, pois há uma imagem com a qual o idoso não se identifica, ocorrendo uma desconexão entre a imagem do inconsciente do corpo e a imagem que o espelho devolve-lhe. O objetivo deste estudo foi traçar o perfil sociodemográfico de 40 idosos (31 do sexo feminino e nove do sexo masculino) com fratura de fêmur, em indicação de tratamento cirúrgico em fase pré-operatória, atendidos pelo Serviço de Ortopedia do Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo observacional de corte transversal, com coleta de dados através de visita a arquivos de prontuários médicos e entrevistas semiestruturadas, no período de outubro de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011. Todas as análises estatísticas foram feitas pelo Software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences para Windows, na versão 15.0. A idade dos sujeitos estudados variou de 62 a 97 anos, com média de idade de 78,9 anos, prevalecendo 77,5% do sexo feminino, e 72,5% dos idosos eram cuidados por um cuidador familiar. Um fator de extrema relevância foi que 97,5% dos sujeitos faziam uso de mais de três medicamentos concomitantes diariamente. Esses e muitos outros dados foram levantados com o intuito de cruzar fatores que incidem no processo de envelhecimento humano, pois, para a Gerontologia, a velhice deve ser entendida sob diferentes olhares, uma vez que os aspectos sociais, culturais e subjetivos permeiam e se entrelaçam na velhice. Com este estudo, foi possível notar que uma política de saúde pública faz-se necessária, com o desenvolvimento de ações que tenham como finalidade proporcionar ao idoso um melhor autoconhecimento de seu corpo, assim como identificar situações que possam lhe ser prejudiciais em relação ao maior risco de quedas, para que o índice de quedas possa ser reduzido

En France, les chutes constituent la première cause de mortalité chez les plus de 75 ans, et la seconde chez les plus de 65 ans. On estime qu'elle engendre un coût de 1 à 2 milliards d'euros par an pour la société. L'enjeu humain et socio-économique est colossal, sachant que le risque de chute est multiplié par 20 après une première chute, que le risque de décès est multiplié par 4 dans l'année qui suit une chute, que les chutes concernent 30% des personnes de plus de 65 ans et 50% des personnes de plus de 85 ans, et que l'on estime que d'ici 2050, plus de 30% de la population sera âgée de plus de 65 ans. Cette thèse propose un dispositif de détection de présence au sol se basant sur l'analyse de cartes de profondeurs acquises en temps réel, ainsi qu'une amélioration du dispositif proposé utilisant également un capteur thermique. Les cartes de profondeurs et les images thermiques nous permettent de nous affranchir des conditions d'illumination de la scène observée, et garantissent l'anonymat des personnes qui évoluent dans le champ de vision du dispositif. Cette thèse propose également différentes méthodes de détection du plan du sol dans une carte de profondeurs, le plan du sol constituant une référence géométrique nécessaire au dispositif proposé. Une enquête psychosociale a été réalisée, qui nous a permis d'évaluer l'acceptabilité a priori dudit dispositif. Cette enquête a démontré sa bonne acceptabilité, et a fourni des préconisations quant aux points d'amélioration et aux écueils à éviter. Enfin, une méthode de suivi d'objets dans une carte de profondeurs est proposée, un objectif à plus long terme consistant à mesurer l'activité des individus observés. / In France, fall is the first death cause for people aged 75 and more, and the second death cause for people aged 65 and more. It is considered that falls generate about 1 to 2 billion euros health costs per year. The human and social-economical issue is crucial, knowing that for the mentioned populations, fall risk is multiplied by 20 after a first fall; that the death risk is multiplied by 4 in the year following a fall; that per year, 30% of the people aged 65 and more and 50% of the people aged 85 and more are subject to falls; and that it is estimated that more than 30% of the French population whill be older than 65 years old by 2050. This thesis proposes a ground lying event detection device which bases on the real time analysis of depth maps, and also proposes an improvement of the device, which uses an additional thermal sensor. Depth maps and thermal images ensure the device is independent from textures and lighting conditions of the observed scenes, and guarantee that the device respects the privacy of those who pass into its field of view, since nobody can be recognized in such images. This thesis also proposes several methods to detect the ground plane in a depth map, the ground plane being a geometrical reference for the device. A psycho-social inquiry was conducted, and enabled the evaluation of the a priori acceptability of the proposed device. This inquiry demonstrated the good acceptability of the proposed device, and resulted in recommendations on points to be improved and on pitfalls to avoid. Last, a method to separate and track objects detected in a depth map is proposed, the measurement of the activity of observed individuals being a long term objective for the device.