The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between ordinal birth position, family size, and psychiatric diagnosis, in patients at a state-mental hospital.

Preferences of the size of family and the relationship between the size of family and a number of socio - economic and demographic variables were studied among high school senior girls in three northern Utah counties by a special survey. The questionnaire specifically designed for the study was administered between November 1967 and February 1968 in all high schools in Cache, Box Elder and Rich counties with the exception of Logan High School in Logan and Box Elder High School in Brigham City. Two questions were used to elicit the answers on the preference of family size; one was designed to elicit an answer with the respondent as the point of reference and the other was the "generalized other" as a reference point. Both sets of data were c ross-tabulated with socio - economic and demographic variables. Both data indicated that the mean number of children desired was 4 .4 and 4.3 for the family of "generalized others " and the respondent's own family respectively. A weak relationship was found between the ideal size of family and the education of respondent's mother and father, income, religion, residence, occupation, and the demographic variable, the respondent's own family size. The data also indicated that those with a belief in birth control prefer a smaller family than those who do not believe in the use of contraceptive devices. Due to the sample size and the exploratory nature of the study, relationships between ideal size of family and the selected number of variables can only be suggestive.

Li, Bingjing. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 21-22). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- Background --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- The One Child Policy in 1980s --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- Spatial Variation in Policy Enforcement Intensity --- p.6 / Chapter III. --- Data and Identification Strategy --- p.6 / Chapter 3.1 --- Data --- p.6 / Chapter 3.2 --- Identification Strategy --- p.9 / Chapter IV. --- Empirical Results --- p.10 / Chapter 4.1 --- Effect of Policy Enforcement Intensity on Family Size --- p.10 / Chapter 4.2 --- Effect of Policy Enforcement Intensity on Educational Attainment --- p.12 / Chapter 4.3 --- Causal Effect of Family Size on Children's Educational Attainment --- p.14 / Chapter V. --- Robustness --- p.16 / Chapter 5.1 --- Sex Selection --- p.16 / Chapter 5.2 --- Region-specific Changes in Educational Provision --- p.17 / Chapter VI. --- Conclusion --- p.18 / Appendix --- p.20 / References --- p.22

The present study was concerned with investigating children's generalized locus of control of reinforcement and its possible relationship to the demographic variables of birth order and family size. The sample consisted of 93 school children in Grades 6, 7, and 8. The analysis of data was by a 2 x 3 factorial design. Results indicated no significant differences in the generalized locus of control orientations of first-born, intermediate-born, and youngest children. Results also indicated that children of these different birth order positions from small families and from large families did not differ significantly in their generalized locus of control orientation. A correlational study of the data showed that the children's locus of control orientations were unrelated to sex differences.

Background: Despite the adverse demographic and health impact of early marriage, it still occurs in many developing nations including Nigeria. One of the outcomes of early marriage is increase in population size due to the number of years of exposure to the risk of pregnancy of women who marry early. Most of the research on early marriage has been carried out in the Northern and Western zones of the country. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between early marriage and the outcomes of Number of Children Ever Born (NCEB) and Total Fertility Rate (TFR) in the South East Zone (SEZ) of the country. Methods: Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis were carried out on data obtained from 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) to determine the relationship between NCEB and age at first marriage as well as other independent variables such as woman’s level of education, wealth status, place of abode, husband’s educational level and marital status for ever married women aged 45-49 years. TFR was estimated for all ever married women in the South East Zone as well as those who married at <18 years and those who married at >=18 years of age. A sample size of 2175 comprising all ever married women in the SEZ was used for the study. Results: The findings indicate that there is a significant relationship between NCEB and Age at first marriage as well as woman’s level of education only. The TFR for women who married at <18 years and 18+ was 7.8 and 7.7 respectively. Conclusions: The study has shown that early marriage contributes in some measure to the number of children born in South Eastern Nigeria. However the level of significance is low. The seeming contradiction suggests that there are other influencing factors such as prevailing customs and traditions and shared experiences of the Igbos (the dominant tribe in the study area). Areas of further research are highlighted and recommendations for policy and program implementation are made.

In most developed countries, the fertility levels of parents and children are positively correlated. This article analyzes the strength of the intergenerational transmission of family size over the last century, including a focus on this reproduction in large and small families. Using the large-scale French Family Survey (2011), we show a weak but significant correlation of approximately 0.12-0.15, which is comparable with levels in other Western countries. It is stronger for women than men, with a gender convergence across cohorts. A decrease in intergenerational transmission is observed across birth cohorts regardless of whether socioeconomic factors are controlled, supporting the idea that the family of origin has lost implicit and explicit influence on fertility choices. As parents were adopting the two-child family norm, the number of siblings lost its importance for having two children, but it continues to explain lower parity and, above all, three-child families. This suggests that the third child has increasingly become an "extra child" (beyond the norm) favored by people from large families.

No description available.

We study the aggregate gap between intended and actual fertility in 19 European countries and the US based on a cohort approach. This complements prior research that had mainly used a period approach. We compare the mean intended number of children among young women aged 20 to 24 (born in the early 1970s), meas ured during the 1990s in the Fertility and Family Surveys, with data on completed fertility in the same cohorts around age 40. In a similar manner, we compare the share who state that they do not want a child with actual cohort childlessness. Our exploration is informed by the cognitive-social model of fertility intentions devel- oped by Bachrach and Morgan (Popul Dev Rev 39(3):459-485, 2013). In all coun- tries, women eventually had, on average, fewer children than the earlier expectations in their birth cohort, and more often than intended, they remained childless. The results reveal distinct regional patterns, which are most apparent for childlessness. The gap between intended and actual childlessness is widest in the Southern Euro- pean and the German-speaking countries and smallest in the Central and Eastern European countries. Additionally, we analyze the aggregate intentions-fertility gap among women with different levels of education. The gap is largest among highly educated women in most countries studied and the educational gradient varies by region, most distinctively for childlessness. Differences between countries suggest that contextual factors-norms about parenthood, work-family policies, unemployment-shape women's fertility goals, total family size, and the gap between them.

Bibliography: leaves 336-365. / xx, 365 leaves : ill., maps ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geography, 1995

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, Discipline of Geographical and Environmental Studies and Discipline of Gender and Labour Studies, 2006. / "January 2006" Bibliography: leaves 336-375.