This study of Fertility Differentials in Bangladesh is based on a subset of data obtained from the 1983 Bangladesh Contraceptive Prevalence Survey. The focus of the study is to identify the variables that significantly affect the cumulative fertility of women in Bangladesh and to examine differentials in fertility.Path analysis has been used for analyzing the data of this thesis. Differentials in fertility are examined in terms of selected demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the ever married women and their husbands.The study shows that age of women has the highest effect on number of children ever born. Religion has positive and significant direct effects on fertility. Education of women has significant negative effects on fertility. Employment status of women effect fertility negatively in rural Bangladesh. The results of this study also suggest that high fertlity in Bangladesh will persist if immediate action is not taken to halt it. / Department of Mathematical Sciences