A model of gendered social control is presented based on the concept of logic statements which undergird the two overarching discourses surrounding the social problem of domestic violence: a social service discourse and a feminist discourse. Two arguments are made. First, there will be a coherence between discourse and the program agendas offered at domestic violence shelters, a coherence between discourse or program agenda and organizational variables, and a coherence between discourse or program agenda and funding sources. The most robust empirical finding supported the coherence between a social service discourse and a program agenda based on the logic statements associated with masculinism, liberal individualism and medicalization. The second argument posits functional relationships among discourse, program agenda, the organizational variables and the funding variables. Social service programs were predicted by social service discourse and by federal monies and feminist programs were predicted by the number of women sheltered; social service discourse was predicted by social service programs and feminist discourse was predicted by the number of women sheltered. These findings suggest that some program agendas put in place by domestic violence shelters may actually contribute to masculinism as a cultural practice.

The negative impact of parental death and divorce, and poor quality parental affection, during childhood is well documented. However, little information exists regarding the impact of these early childhood experiences of disrupted parental social support on well being during adulthood. Using attachment theory and the model of allostatic load, the present study examined daily physical health and mood, and stressor reactivity, in a sub-sample of participants (N = 368) from the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE). Descriptive analyses indicate that respondents from non-intact families, specifically those from divorced families, had more daily health symptoms and greater levels of negative mood during adulthood, as compared to those from intact families. Regression analyses indicate that subjective ratings of mother-child relationship quality or affection during childhood were significant predictors of daily well being during adulthood. To assess daily stressor reactivity within individuals over time, hierarchical linear modeling (HLM; Bryk & Raudenbush, 1992) was used. Reactivity is estimated by fitting a within-person model that assesses the daily covariation of daily mood and physical health and the occurrence of daily stressors. HLM analyses indicate that respondents who reported low maternal affection during childhood are more emotionally reactive to stressors that involve other people. Implications for understanding developmental pathways involved in linking early life experiences to adulthood outcomes are discussed.

Compatibility is a concept that has enjoyed considerable attention in the arena of close relationship research and has emerged as a consistent factor in the experience of positive relational outcomes such as relationship satisfaction and stability. Despite this attention, however, the treatment of compatibility has generally been limited to domains specific to the studies in which it has been utilized. The present study sought to integrate research and theory in two distinct domains, need fulfillment and compatibility, in an attempt to provide an overarching explanation for findings linking compatibility to relational outcomes based on interpersonal need fulfillment. This task involved two distinct, but related, domains. First, general associations among interpersonal need fulfillment, well-being, and social network structure were examined in an attempt to develop a more refined understanding of the interaction between need fulfillment and specific relationships with respect to overall effects on well-being. Analyses were confined to the consideration of interpersonal needs (those requiring others for fulfillment) and relied on the three-dimensional model proposed by Schutz (1966) and comprised of needs for affection, inclusion, and control. Second, need fulfillment was examined in the context of exclusive romantic relationships, and a form of compatibility based on the interpersonal need levels of the partners was introduced and posited to represent an overarching form of compatibility and a major predictor of relationship satisfaction. Analyses involved 91 couples involved in exclusive romantic relationships and 105 individuals who were not involved in exclusive relationships at the time. Results indicated that interpersonal need fulfillment plays an important role in the experience of overall well-being. Furthermore, the fulfillment of specific needs and the experience of well-being were associated with the presence of certain relationships in one's social network (specifically an exclusive romantic relationship). Interpersonal need compatibility in the areas of inclusion and control was found to be a significant predictor of relationship satisfaction, supporting the validity of the interpersonal need compatibility construct. Overall, the proposed framework demonstrated utility value, and important insights regarding need fulfillment and network structure emerged, but additional research is needed to fully understand the interplay of these factors.

Data concerning delinquency, deviance, and development were collected on over 800 adolescents aged 10 to 17. Structural models were constructed to investigate the effects of development (pubertal development and physical development) on delinquency. The view that variables typically used to define delinquency form a unitary latent trait was rejected. Instead two moderately related traits (r =.28) were required: (1) Criminal Behavior as defined by theft, aggression, and vandalism and (2) Autonomy Seeking Behavior as defined by substance use, sexual experimentation, and sensation seeking behaviors. Gender effects were found in levels of criminal behavior whereas autonomy seeking behavior was not so differentiated. Age effected only autonomy seeking behavior while pubertal development effected both traits. Differential gender effects were discovered in the influence of age on autonomy seeking behavior and the effect of pubertal development on both traits. Girls appear to be more strongly influenced by pubertal development for both traits while boys appear to be more susceptible to age effects.

Dual-career couples are a rapidly growing population who face many challenges due to their complicated lifestyle. The qualitative case study method was employed to specifically explore the decision-making processes of three dual-career couples in order to broaden the knowledge base about these couples and to yield information that would facilitate the development of educational and counseling programs to better serve this population. The following methods were used to elicit information from the participants: audiotaped discussions of four career-related scenarios and individual responses to a short values survey. Factors identified in the couples' decision-making processes included money, geography (location), opportunities for career advancement, satisfactory job opportunities for both partners, family, future children, opportunity costs, career and personal happiness, and financial security. Recommendations for future research and suggestions for counselors, educators, and employers were made.

The Japanese family/firm analogy has been utilized in the past by anthropological and business scholars for the purposes of better understanding the traditional Japanese family household (the ie) and the modern-day firm. The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriateness and utility of this analogy. To accomplish this, the study reconstructs the analogy by describing the models and theories upon which it is based and then examines it from a critical viewpoint. The conclusions are mixed. The study finds that the family/firm analogy is applicable, but only within the narrow limits defined by the specific ie and modern firm models. The analogy suffers further from its misrepresentation of Japanese families and firms, internal contradictions, and a disregard for social, economic, and political contexts. What is ultimately lost through the use of the analogy is the great complexity and diversity of Japanese society.

The present study examined the possible predictors of precocious sexual behavior in 418 sibling pairs between the ages of 10 and 17. Sexual behavior was measured on a continuum ranging from dating to intercourse. Specific predictors examined included pubertal development, pubertal timing, parental affection, and the personality constructs under-control and extraversion. In addition, several moderating effects between the predictors were tested, none of which were significant. As an additional analysis, this study also examined the effects of precocious sexual activity among one sibling on the other sibling. Results revealed different predictive patterns for males than for females. For males, the personality variables proved to be the strongest predictors of precocious sexual behavior; whereas for females, pubertal timing, extraversion, and parental affection were the strongest predictors. Among sibling pairs, precocity of one sibling was most often the strongest predictor of precocious sexual behavior in the other sibling.

This study was designed to investigate if adult children who have returned home to live affect their parents' marital satisfaction. The contributing factors that preceded the return of these adult children were also examined. To measure marital satisfaction, the Kansas Marital Satisfaction (KMS) Scale was used. The Marital Conventionalization Scale (MCS) was also utilized to measure marital social desirability distortion. Seventy-seven married individuals, recruited from the general population, were divided into three subgroups consisting of parents whose adult children have either returned, departed from, or remained at home. Participants were administered a questionnaire containing specific questions regarding one's adult children along with the two test instruments. The findings indicate no significant differences in marital satisfaction between parents who have returning adult children and the other 2 subgroups. However, many factors (financial problems, college, divorce, etc.) contributing to an adult child's presence at home were discovered.

<p> The District of Columbia's Child and Family Services Agency introduced me to the family of two documented here. Photojournalism and audio clips depict the growing bond between a mother and adopted daughter, with unshared pasts to foster a new feeling of home. They have been together for just over a year. At the Adoptions Together Family Connections Conference (Maryland, Fall 2013), this photographic experience will be replicated for other adoptive families. Statistics from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Resources: Administration for Children and Families, show that a child not adopted by the age of eight or nine reduces the chance of being adopted by half. A prevailing misconception of youth having difficulty bonding to new families is being disproven by research. Neuroplasticity suggests the brain is not a static organ. Later child adoption works more than generally recognized. This presentation shows success in the first person.</p>

<p> The purpose of this project was to develop and fund a project to add a mental health component that will serve former gang members and their families. The host agency for this project is Aztecs Rising in Los Angeles. A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to build insight and knowledge about the gang culture, risk factors for joining gangs, risk factors for leaving gangs, and mental health needs that pertain to the gang population. A thorough search for potential funding sources led to the California Endowment as the funding source for this project. A grant application was developed to support this project. Submission of the actual grant was not a requirement of this thesis project.</p>