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En la actualidad, los quelatos FeEDDHA y FeEDDHMA son el método más eficaz para corregir y combatir las deficiencias de Fe de las plantas cultivadas en suelos y con aguas de riego calizas. Estos quelatos están constituidos por dos isómeros de distinta estabilidad (la mezcla d,l-racémica y la forma meso). Con este trabajo de investigación se ha tratado de estudiar el comportamiento de los isómeros de dichos quelatos en diferentes medios nutritivos, observando que en disolución nutritiva, las variaciones de pH junto con la presencia de los distintos iones que componen dicha disolución, provocan pérdidas de Fe quelado, siendo el isómero menos estable el que sufre una mayor descomposición (meso para FeEDDHA y d,l-racémico para FeEDDHM A). Estas pérdidas son superiores a pH 6 que a pH 4,5 y se ven incrementadas a medida que aumenta la fuerza iónica de la disolución nutritiva. Por otro lado, se ha encontrado que la toma de Fe procedente de los isómeros de FeEDDHA es diferente dependiendo del tipo de estrategia desarrollada por el vegetal ante situaciones de carencia de Fe. Así, las plantas de estrategia I consumen preferentemente el Fe en forma del isómero menos estable mientras que las de estrategia II, toman el Fe indistintamente del isómero que esté presente en la disolución. Finalmente, se ha observado que la aplicación de mezclas FeEDDHA-sustancias húmicas comerciales (50% v/v) a suelos calizos y a diferentes materiales edáficos, no incrementa el tiempo que el Fe permanece disponible para las plantas en disolución, aunque sí influye en la velocidad a la que tiene lugar este proceso, siendo de nuevo el isómero menos estable el que sufre mayores pérdidas. / Iron chelates FeEDDHA and FeEDDHMA are remarkably efficient fertilizers for correcting iron deficiencies in plants growing in calcareous soils and irrigation water. These chelates consist of two isomers (a meso form and a d,l-racemic mixture) of different stability constants. The objective of this research was to study the behaviour of the meso and the d,l-racemic isomers of FeEDDHA and FeEDDHM A in different nutritive culture media. In nutritive solution, the changes of pH and the presence of all ions that take part in the nutritive solution, produced the decomposition of the Fe-chelate. In general, the isomer with the lowest stability was the most affected by decomposition reaction (meso for FeEDDHA and d,l-racemic for FeEDDHM A). This decomposition was higher at pH 6 than at pH 4.5 and it increased with the ionic strength of the nutritive solution. On the other hand, our studies indicated that the isomer uptake by plants was different depending on the kind of strategy developed under Fe deficiency. Strategy I plants took preferably meso isomer whereas in strategy II plants, the meso isomer uptake was similar to racemic isomer. Finally, it has been observed that the application of mixtures of FeEDDHA and commercial humic substances (FeEDDHA-SH) (50% v/v) to calcareous soils, did not increase the effectiveness of FeEDDHA to maintain the iron availability in the soil solution. However these mixture varied the rates of loss of Fe in this medium. When the mixture FeEDDHA-SH interacted with soils and soil materials, the meso isomer was again the most affected by decomposition and adsorption reactions.

An efficient micropropagation protocol for large scale production of hazelnut plants is required for consistent supply of elite germplasm to support the growing industry in Ontario. The main focus of current research was to develop a bioreactor based micropropagation protocol for hazelnut multiplication. An integrated approach was developed to increase the multiplication rate by optimizing the nutrient medium supplements and culture technology using a temporary immersion bioreactor system (TIS). As compared to conventional semi-solid and liquid based culture system, the Liquid LabTM temporary immersion bioreactor system (LIS) showed a significant enhancement in the number of shoots (3.3 shoots/explant), shoot height, leaf area and chlorophyll content in micropropagated plantlets. Antioxidant supplements such as ascorbic acid and melatonin along with iron (460 µM FeEDDHA) significantly increased the shoot proliferation (5.5 shoots/explant). However, a much higher shoot proliferation (10.9 shoots/explant) was observed with the addition of aspirin (10 µM) in the presence of BA (17.6 µM). Among several hazelnut cultivars, HF-16 had the highest multiplication rate followed by Geneva and Epsilon. Medium supplemented with 10 µM IBA was the best for rooting of microshoots of HF-16 and the plantlets acclimatized in the green house with 80% survival rate. / Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food and Rural Affairs