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Microencapsulation of water-soluble substances for delivery to marine bivalvesBuchal, Michael A. 12 December 1994 (has links)
A new method for encapsulating low-molecular weight, water-soluble substances
in lipid-walled microcapsules (LWMs) for delivery to marine bivalves was developed,
characterized, and tested. LWMs produced by a spray technique (spray microcapsules,
SMs) were demonstrated to encapsulate both aqueous (polymeric dye or oxytetracycline
hydrochloride) and particulate (riboflavin) core materials within a capsule wall composed
of triacylglycerides. Core materials were most effectively delivered in a capsule wall
composed of tripalmitin. Addition of lower melting point lipids to soften the capsule wall
significantly reduced (up to a nine-fold reduction) delivery of aqueous core materials, but
did not significantly affect particulate riboflavin delivery.
The composition of the capsule wall was demonstrated to affect the digestibility of
LWMs. Addition of 40% w/w fish oil to the tripalmitin wall was required for Manila
clam spat (Tapes philippinarum) enzymatically digest LWMs (convert triaclyglycerides to
free fatty acids). Delivery of aqueous and particulate core materials by microcapsules was
assessed by feeding clams LWMs containing an aqueous core of polymeric dye or a
particulate core of oxytetracycline hemicalcium salt (OTC.HEM). The physical
appearance and absence of core material in capsules observed in clam fecal strands
suggested release and delivery of core materials in the clam's digestive system.
Optimal methods for encapsulating and storing oxytetracycline were assessed.
Oxytetracycline hydrochloride was most efficiently encapsulated (3.2 mg core/ 100 mg
lipid) and retained (30%) as an aqueous core in LWMs produced by a double-emulsion
process (double-emulsion microcapsules, DEMs). OTC.HEM was most efficiently
encapsulated (7.4 mg core/l00 mg lipid) and retained (66% of initial encapsulated core
material remained after 24 hours suspension in seawater) as a particulate in SMs. SMs
containing OTC.HEM were most stable in storage, retaining 86% of their core after 5
weeks of storage as a wet paste. Freeze-drying of SMs containing particulate OTC.HEM
increased initial leakage losses of core material, but did not the affect the stability of
capsules during long-term storage. Freeze-drying of DEMs containing aqueous
OTC.HCl also increased initial leakage loses of core material, but improved the stability
of DEMs during long-term storage. / Graduation date: 1995
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Management and marketing strategies for high desert beef ranches in Eastern OregonPanasuk, Eugene Duane 21 October 1971 (has links)
Ranchers in the high desert area of Eastern Oregon traditionally
market their calves when they are weaned in late fall.
This is the time when the market prices for calves are at a
seasonal low.
In this study the economic feasibility of various alternative
management and marketing strategies for the utilization of range
forage with a spring calving operation is determined. The operational
objectives were (1) to determine the most profitable time and weight
to market the spring-born calves, (2) to determine whether supplementary
feeding of yearlings is economically feasible, (3) to explore
the competitive relationship between cows and yearlings for limited
range forage, and (4) to determine the combination of beef production
and growing activities which will provide the highest net
returns.
Linear programming was used to determine the combination
of activities that would maximize net returns subject to the constraint
of forage quality and quantity. The quality and quantity of
the range forage was determined by using data provided by the
Squaw Butte Experiment Station, Burns, Oregon. All the basic
data pertaining to the high desert area were obtained from Squaw
Butte.
The initial L. P. solution indicated the heifers should be sold
March 1 at 600 pounds having been fed to gain 1.5 pounds per day
while the steers were sold April 16 at 780 pounds, gaining 2.0
pounds per day. The cows earned a higher MVP for the limited
resource, range forage, than could the yearlings either with or
without supplementary feeding.
In the second solution barley price was reduced from $50 to
$45 per ton and the steers were sold April 16 at 780 pounds (same
as initial solution). The heifers were sold June 16 weighing 900
pounds having been fed to gain 2.0 pounds per day. Supplementary
feed was provided on the range for these heifers from April 16 to
June 15.
The study shows that the traditional management and marketing
practice is not the most profitable alternative. The feed costs are
less than the increase in income from feeding the animals to heavier
weights. / Graduation date: 1972
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Effects of feed additives and fiber on energy utilization in laying hensNgou Ngoupayou, Jean Daniel January 1979 (has links)
No description available.
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Starch digestion in the bovine as influenced by level and processing of sorghum grainKartchner, R. J. January 1972 (has links)
No description available.
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The effect of pregelatinized starch on the serum concentration of immunoglobulin G in neonatal calves fed colostrumBlumenfeld, Bert David January 1979 (has links)
No description available.
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IN VITRO EVALUATIONS OF VARIETIES AND HYBRIDS OF MILO, WHEAT, AND BARLEY BY A MIXED SUSPENSION OF RUMEN MICROORGANISMSSaba, William Joseph, 1939- January 1970 (has links)
No description available.
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THE INFLUENCE OF DIETARY LIPID ON BOVINE SERUM AND CARCASS COMPOSITIONDryden, Forrest Dean, 1943- January 1971 (has links)
No description available.
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THE UTILIZATION OF PROTEIN PROTECTED FATS BY RUMINANTSCuitún Yeh, Luis Lorenzo, 1939- January 1974 (has links)
No description available.
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PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONAL CHANGES IN REALIMENTATED RANGE COWSWooten, Rudy Allen, 1946- January 1976 (has links)
No description available.
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BOVINE IMMUNOGLOBULINS: THE RELATIONSHIP OF PATHOGEN SPECIFIC ANTIBODIES AND THE IMMUNOGLOBULIN POOL DURING THE ACQUISITION OF PASSIVE IMMUNITY BY THE CALFMenefee, Barry Eugene January 1979 (has links)
No description available.
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