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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Eficácia de herbicidas aplicados via pivô central na cultura do feijão em plantio direto e convencional / Effectiveness of the herbicides applied by central pivot on beans cropping under non-till and conventional planting

Fontes, José Roberto Antoniol 18 April 2002 (has links)
Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2017-05-05T18:08:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 352173 bytes, checksum: f8e262080e251fd0394c0b503dd9b27c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-05T18:08:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 352173 bytes, checksum: f8e262080e251fd0394c0b503dd9b27c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002-04-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Comparou-se a herbigação com a pulverização do metolachlor e do fomesafen na eficiência de controle de plantas daninhas na cultura do feijão e na lixiviação desses compostos no solo, em plantio direto e convencional. Foram conduzidos experimentos de campo e bioensaios em casa de vegetação. Em campo, no experimento 1, aplicou-se em pré-emergência o metolachlor (2,4 kg ha -1) com lâminas de água de 5, 10 e 15 mm; no -1 experimento 2, o fomesafen (0,225 kg ha ), em pós-emergência, com 3, 6 e 9 mm; e no experimento 3, os dois herbicidas (metolachlor em pré seguido do fomesafen em pós-emergência) com as mesmas lâminas já citadas. Os herbicidas foram também aplicados com pulverizador costal (200 L ha -1 de calda). Foram incluídas duas testemunhas: com e sem capina. A comparação da lixiviação dos herbicidas foi feita por meio de bioensaios. Amostras de solo foram coletadas em três profundidades, 0-5, 5-10 e 10-15 cm, aos 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas. Como planta-teste utilizou-se Sorghum bicolor (híbrido BR 304). Quinze dias após a semeadura, as plantas foram coletadas e secas em estufa com circulação forçada de ar a 72 oC. Comparou-se a massa da planta-teste seca com a da testemunha, cultivada em amostras de solo coletadas em área na qual não foram aplicados os herbicidas. Os experimentos de campo e os bioensaios em casa de vegetação foram conduzidos com três repetições. Para interpretação dos resultados utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, com apresentação das médias dos tratamentos e seus respectivos erros-padrão da média. Quatro dias antes e depois da aplicação dos herbicidas foi aplicada lâmina de água de 10 mm em toda a área experimental. No plantio convencional predominaram Artemisia verlotorum e as monocotiledôneas, e no plantio direto, Bidens pilosa e outras dicotiledôneas. O metolachlor, quando aplicado com lâmina de água de 15 mm, proporcionou excelente controle das invasoras, superior ao obtido com a pulverização, independentemente do sistema de plantio. O fomesafen proporcionou de bom a excelente controle das dicotiledôneas com todas as lâminas de água em ambos os sistemas de plantio. Quando foram empregados os dois herbicidas, o controle de monocotiledôneas e dicotiledôneas foi excelente, independentemente da lâmina de água e do sistema de plantio. As produtividades alcançadas no plantio direto foram maiores, em relação ao plantio convencional. Apesar de melhor controle das plantas daninhas com os dois herbicidas, a aplicação de apenas um deles não comprometeu a produtividade do feijão, independentemente do sistema de plantio e da lâmina de água utilizada na herbigação. A lixiviação no solo do metolachlor e do fomesafen não foi influenciada pela aplicação dos herbicidas com água de irrigação, independentemente da lâmina de água utilizada, assim como o sistema de plantio adotado. / A comparison between herbigation and the conventional application of the metolachlor and fomesafen was performed for their efficiency in controlling the weeds in beans cropping, as well as the leaching of these compounds in soil profile, under no-till and conventional planting. The experiments were carried out in the field, whereas the bioassays were performed under greenhouse conditions. In experiment 1, conducted under field conditions, the metolachlor was applied (2.4 kg ha -1) at pre-emergence with water depths of 5, -1 10 and 15 mm. In experiment 2, the fomesafen was applied (0.225 kg ha ) at post-emergency with water depths of 3, 6 and 9 mm. In experiment 3, the metolachlor was applied at pre-emergence, followed by fomesafen at post- emergence; for both herbicides these same water depths were used. The -1 herbicides were also applied by knapsack sprayer (200 L ha syrup). Two controls were included, that is, weeded and without weeding. The leaching of these herbicides in the soil profile were compared by bioassays. A number of soil samples were collected at three depths, that is, 0-5, 5-10, and 10-15 cm, and at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after applying the herbicides. The Sorghum bicolor (hybrid BR 304) was used as test-plant. Fifteen days after sowing, the plants were collected and dried in an air-forced circulation oven at 72 oC. The dry mass of the test-plant was compared to that of the control growing in soil samples taken from the area where no herbicides were applied. The field experiments and the bioassays conducted under greenhouse conditions were carried out with three replications. For interpretation of the results, the descriptive statistics was used, presenting the averages of the treatments and their respective standard deviations of the average. Four days before and after application of the herbicides, a water depth of 10 mm was applied throughout the experimental area. In the conventional planting, the Artemisia verlotorum and the monocotyledonous prevailed, whereas Bidens pilosa and other dicotyledonous prevailed in no-till planting. When applied with a water depth of 15 mm, the metolachlor provided an excellent control upon invaders, which was superior to the one obtained by using the knapsack sprayer, independently from the used planting system. Fomesafen provided a good to excellent control upon the dicotyledonous for all water depths used in both planting systems. The application of both herbicides provided an excellent control upon the monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous, independent from the used water depth and planting system. In no-till planting, the productivities were higher than the ones obtained in the conventional planting. Although the application of both herbicides provided a better control of the weeds, the application of just one of them did not commit the beans productivity, independent from the planting system and the water depth used in herbigation. The leaching of the metolachlor and fomesafen in soil profile was not affected by application of these herbicides with irrigation water, independent from the used water depth and the adopted planting system as well.

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