Master of Music / Throughout the 20th Century, female operatic singers in most of the major European opera houses were given “grace days” (where they were not required to sing) in recognition of the effect of hormonal changes on the singing voice. Financial constraints in professional companies have resulted in a reduction of such considerations, but to date, there has been no systematic study of the effects of hormonal fluctuations on the quality of the female singing voice, or of its potential adverse effects on the vocal apparatus for singers who are affected by pre-menstrual syndrome. This study investigated the effects of hormonal fluctuations on young professional female classical singers. Female and male professional singers in training (students) at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music, University of Sydney, were asked to participate as volunteers in the study by keeping daily diaries. The female singers kept a diary for two separate months beginning on the first day of menstruation, in which they recorded their daily basal temperature, mood, voice state and physical well being. The male control subjects kept daily diaries for one month. Acoustic analysis of two vocal samples taken during the second month, on days 1 and 14 of the cycle, were completed on the six most severely affected female subjects, who were identified through their diary ratings of changes in vocal quality during menstruation. The selected students assessed their own vocal samples, presented in random order, to determine whether they could reliably identify which of their samples were affected by menstruation. Vocal staff at the Conservatorium (pedagogues), who were blind to the purpose of the study, also assessed recordings presented randomly. Results indicated that self-perceived vocal quality varied over the course of the menstrual cycle, particularly during the first seven days of the cycle, that negative changes in mood affected the voice, and that fatigue, effort, hoarseness, weakness & peak performance were the most frequently affected vocal states. A surprising finding was that male self-perceived voice quality also varied over the course of one month of diary keeping. There was no consistent change in direction of scores during menstrual and non-menstrual phases. Five of the six most affected singers correctly identified their performance during menstruation but pedagogues were not consistently able to do so.. These results indicate that perceived quality of the voice through changes in the menstrual cycle may not be as obvious to a highly trained observer even though they were reliably perceived by the singer. This study demonstrates that menstruation has a discernible impact on the self-perception of female singers’ vocal quality and implies that the premenstrual or menstrual female may not feel able to present her peak performance at these times of hormonal fluctuation. Further detailed research in this area may be warranted on a larger scale to elaborate a more precise clinical management of the problem.

Master of Music / Throughout the 20th Century, female operatic singers in most of the major European opera houses were given “grace days” (where they were not required to sing) in recognition of the effect of hormonal changes on the singing voice. Financial constraints in professional companies have resulted in a reduction of such considerations, but to date, there has been no systematic study of the effects of hormonal fluctuations on the quality of the female singing voice, or of its potential adverse effects on the vocal apparatus for singers who are affected by pre-menstrual syndrome. This study investigated the effects of hormonal fluctuations on young professional female classical singers. Female and male professional singers in training (students) at the Sydney Conservatorium of Music, University of Sydney, were asked to participate as volunteers in the study by keeping daily diaries. The female singers kept a diary for two separate months beginning on the first day of menstruation, in which they recorded their daily basal temperature, mood, voice state and physical well being. The male control subjects kept daily diaries for one month. Acoustic analysis of two vocal samples taken during the second month, on days 1 and 14 of the cycle, were completed on the six most severely affected female subjects, who were identified through their diary ratings of changes in vocal quality during menstruation. The selected students assessed their own vocal samples, presented in random order, to determine whether they could reliably identify which of their samples were affected by menstruation. Vocal staff at the Conservatorium (pedagogues), who were blind to the purpose of the study, also assessed recordings presented randomly. Results indicated that self-perceived vocal quality varied over the course of the menstrual cycle, particularly during the first seven days of the cycle, that negative changes in mood affected the voice, and that fatigue, effort, hoarseness, weakness & peak performance were the most frequently affected vocal states. A surprising finding was that male self-perceived voice quality also varied over the course of one month of diary keeping. There was no consistent change in direction of scores during menstrual and non-menstrual phases. Five of the six most affected singers correctly identified their performance during menstruation but pedagogues were not consistently able to do so.. These results indicate that perceived quality of the voice through changes in the menstrual cycle may not be as obvious to a highly trained observer even though they were reliably perceived by the singer. This study demonstrates that menstruation has a discernible impact on the self-perception of female singers’ vocal quality and implies that the premenstrual or menstrual female may not feel able to present her peak performance at these times of hormonal fluctuation. Further detailed research in this area may be warranted on a larger scale to elaborate a more precise clinical management of the problem.

Submitted by Morgana Silva (morgana_linhares@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-20T18:33:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1865095 bytes, checksum: d78c80bb3cef8c9d4828b46226261646 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T18:33:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1865095 bytes, checksum: d78c80bb3cef8c9d4828b46226261646 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-08 / This paper presents the research results who try to comprehend fundamental definitions aspects of vocal esthetics in musical expressions of Paraíba´s female singers, specifically focused at three state musicians with local, regional and national recognition, they are: Marinês, Elba Ramalho and Cátia de França. This work was based with views of ethnomusicology and related fields. The methodological research evolved bibliographical research, record, sound, documental research, participative observation and half-structured interviews, as well data analysis and organization resources which could generate a clear, wide and contextualized view of the researched reality. Based on the research realized, the discussions and analysis done throw the paper became evident that the vocal esthetics of each singer was defined by the inter-relation of multiple aspects linked to physiological dimensions and voice techniques, to the use of recording technological resources, voice effects and amplifications and to cultural background in general that point the history of each female singer studied. / Este trabalho apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que buscou compreender aspectos fundamentais definidores da estética vocal na expressão musical de cantoras da Paraíba, contemplando especificamente três intérpretes do Estado de grande destaque local, regional e nacional, quais sejam: Marinês, Elba Ramalho e Cátia de França. O estudo foi realizado a partir de perspectivas da área de etnomusicologia e de outros campos afins ao foco do estudo. A base metodológica da pesquisa abrangeu pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa sonoro-documental, observação participante e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, bem como instrumentos de organização e análise dos dados que pudessem propiciar uma leitura abrangente e contextualizada da realidade investigada. A partir da pesquisa realizada e das discussões e análises concretizadas ao longo da dissertação ficou evidente que a estética vocal de cada cantora é definida a partir da inter-relação de diversos aspectos ligados às dimensões fisiológicas e técnicas da voz; ao uso de recursos tecnológicos de gravação, efeitos e amplificação vocal; e às influências e bases culturais em geral que marcam a trajetória das três cantoras estudadas.