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A bottom-up approach to fermion massesGoffinet, François 19 December 2008 (has links)
There is now convincing evidence that the Standard Model of electroweak and strong interactions is not the end of the story but only a low energy effective theory. In particular, new flavour physics is required to explain the fermion mass spectrum. Most of the proposed extensions of the Standard Model fail to meet this criterion. We may hope that the LHC or some future colliders could help to clarify the situation by discovering new particles or spotting some unexpected events.
In the meantime, more precise measurements of masses and mixing parameters could also play an important role. In this work, we do not aim at finding a new mechanism that could explain this spectrum, but we rather assume that fermion masses and mixings are calculable in a yet-to-be-found more fundamental theory. Our goal is to glean as much information as possible from the observed fermion masses and mixings in order to find some hidden structures that could significantly lower the number of free parameters and help us to get some clues about what could be this fundamental theory.
We analyse first the various parametrizations of the flavour mixing and single out a specific decomposition. The parameters of this decomposition can be independently and accurately computed if we impose some simple textures to the Yukawa couplings. We propose then a straightforward combination of these interesting textures which reproduces quite well the observed quark flavour mixing.
We study then the properties of a successful mass relation for the charged leptons. We propose some generalizations of this relation in order to be valid also for the neutrinos and the quarks. One of them successfully combines the masses and mixings while another one describes the lepton masses via an accurate geometric description.
Hopefully, these two studies lead to similar conclusions and allow us to speculate on some interesting properties for new flavour physics.
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Decaimento do próton e massa dos léptons numa extensão de gauge do modelo padrãoCavalcante, Everton 30 March 2011 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2011-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this dissertation we will approach the lepton and barion number simmetries as low energy
manifestation of more fundamental theories at higher energies. By using effective operators we
investigate the possibility of generating reasonable mass terms for leptons as well as suppressed
proton lifetime in the Standard Model. We also look at the proton decay processes in a specific
grand unified theory (the minimal SU(5)) and comment about the experimental bounds on proton
lifetime from Superkamiokande. Finally, we consider a simple gauge extension of Standard
Model, the minimal SUC(3)
SUL(3)
UN(1) model, pointing some drawbaces in this model
concerning lepton masses and proton lifetime. We study how it is possible to diminish its scalar
content and solve the lepton mass and proton decay issues. / Nesta dissertação abordaremos as simetrias de número bariônico e leptônico do modelo
padrão como manifestações em baixas energias de teorias mais fundamentais. Por meio de
operadores efetivos, estudaremos termos de massa para léptons e modos de decaimento para
o próton. Também estudaremos a predição quanto ao tempo de decaimento do próton num
modelo de grande unificação específico (modelo SU(5) mínimo), comparando com o limite experimental
do Super-Kamiokande. Por último apontaremos alguns problemas numa extensão
de gauge do modelo padrão (modelo SUC(3)
SUL(3)
UN(1) mínimo), diminuindo seu conteúdo
de campos escalares, onde os operadores efetivos para massa dos léptons e decaimento
do próton serão manipulados através da introdução de certas simetrias discretas.
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Exploration of 6-dimensional models with non trivial topology and their predictions for fermions masses and mixings, neutrino physics, flavour changing interactions and CP violationMollet, Simon 08 June 2016 (has links)
In this thesis, we study several scenarios which go beyond the Standard Model of particle physics with the aim of gaining a better understanding for the multiplication of fermion families, their masses and mixings pattern and its relation to CP violation. The common feature of the models we envisaged (and the guiding principle of the thesis) is the introduction of extra space dimensions. In a first attempt to explain the fermion mass structure, we elaborate on a model with two extra-dimensions and a Nielsen- Olesen vortex background established on it. In this framework, three families in 4D can be seen as different modes of a single generation in 6D, while their extra-dimensional wavefunctions turn out highly constrained by the dynamics, which allows to determined the mass matrices with few parameters. Moreover, with a few additional hypotheses only, it is possible to simultaneously account for the striking differences between neutrinos and charged fermions. After a summary of the model, we illustrate this with the explicit formulation of a benchmark model which reproduces convincingly all the mass and mixing parameters of the Standard Model, taking advantage of new, more precise numerical solutions of the field equations, and including the recent measurements of the Standard Model scalar boson mass and of the neutrino heta_13 mixing angle (the latter has however been correctly predicted by the model before its first measurement). We then turn to the predictions which mainly concern the neutrino and gauge sectors. In the former, we remind the Majorana nature, and the natural tendency for inverted hierarchy pattern with an almost maximally suppressed neutrinoless double beta decay. On the other hand, we predict new (neutral) gauge bosons whose couplings to fermions are not flavour-diagonal but are however constrained (in their strength and their flavour structure) by the 6D anatomy of the theory. We compare their detectability in precision low energy processes and at colliders (especially at the LHC), and show that in the simplest geometries at least, the bounds from the former exclude interesting phenomenology for the latter. Nevertheless, we turn to more phenomenological effective Lagrangians with the same overall structure and in which we are able to lower the mass scale of the new bosons to a reachable energy, and thus analyse the possible signatures for LHC.In the last part of this work, we turn to the issue of CP violation and show how in certain 6D models with non simply connected topologies, it is possible to generate a non negligible CP violation at the 4D level in a pure gauge approach. We carefully study how the 4D CP symmetry is related to particular transformations of the original 6D theory and subsequently show how an incompatibility of such transformations with the compactification scheme can lead to an effective CP breaking. As a proof of concept, we build a toy model with two extra-dimensions compactified on a flat torus and end in 4D with a light neutral fermion with a non zero electric dipole moment.Dans cette thèse, nous étudions plusieurs scénarios au-delà du Modèle Standard de la physique des particules à la recherche d'une meilleure compréhension de la multiplication des familles de fermions, de leurs masses et de leurs mélanges, ainsi que la relation à laviolation de CP.La caractéristique commune à tous les modèles envisagés (et le concept sous-jacent à toute la thèse) est l'introduction de nouvelles dimensions spatiales. Dans une première tentative pour expliquer le spectre des fermions, nous développons un modèle où une structure de vortex à la Nielsen-Olesen est établie sur deux dimensions supplémentaires. Dans ce cadre, les trois familles à 4D peuvent être vues comme différents modes d'une unique génération à 6D, tandis que leur fonctions d'onde extra-dimensionnelles s'avèrent fortement contraintes par la dynamique ;ceci permet d'établir les matrices de masses en terme d'un petit nombre de paramètres. De plus, grâce à quelques hypothèses additionnelles seulement, il est possible de justifier simultanément les différences marquées entre neutrinos et fermions chargés. Nous synthétisons le modèle et l'illustrons en en formulant une réalisation particulière qui parvient à reproduire de manière convaincante tous les paramètres de masse et de mélange du Modèle Standard. Pour l'occasion, nous exploitons de nouvelles solutions aux équations des champs, numériquement plus précises, et prenons en compte les mesures récentes de la masse du boson scalaire et de l'angle de mélange heta_13 pour les neutrinos (le modèle avait cependant prédit ce dernier avant qu'il ne soit mesuré pour la première fois). Nous nous tournons ensuite vers les prédictions du modèle et qui concernent principalement le secteur des neutrinos et celui des bosons de jauge. Pour le premier, nous rappelons la nature "Majorana" des neutrinos, ainsi que la tendance naturelle à une hiérarchie inverse avec une suppression quasi maximale de la double désintégration bêta sans neutrino. D'autre part, nous prédisons de nouveaux bosons de jauge (neutres) dont les couplages aux fermions ne sont pas diagonaux dans l'espace des saveurs mais sont contraints (autant en terme de valeurs qu'en termes de structure) par l'anatomie de la théorie à 6D. Nous comparons leurs détections potentielles dans les processus de précision à basse énergie et auprès des collisionneurs (en particulier au LHC). Nous montrons que, dans les géométries les plus simples du moins, les limites imposées par les premiers excluent toute phénoménologie intéressante du côté des seconds. Toutefois, en nous tournantvers des Lagrangiens effectifs qui conservent la même structure d'ensemble mais ouvrent à une étude plus phénoménologique, nous sommes capables de réduire l'échelle de masse de ces nouveaux bosons jusqu'à une énergie accessible, et donc d'en analyser de potentielles signatures au LHC.Dans la dernière partie de ce travail, nous nous intéressons à la question de la violation de CP et montrons comment dans certains modèles à 6D avec une topologie non-simplement connexe, il est possible de générer une violation de CP non négligeable à 4D dans une approche de "pure jauge". Nous étudions attentivement comment la symétrie CP à 4D est reliée à des transformations particulières de la théorie originale à 6D, suite à quoi nous montrons comment l'incompatibilité de ces transformations avec la façon dont sont "compactifiées" les dimensions supplémentaires peut conduire à une brisure effective de CP. Pour illustrer la faisabilité de notre approche, nous élaborons un "modèle jouet" où deux dimensions supplémentaires sont compactifiées sur un tore plat, et obtenons à 4D un fermion neutre léger et qui possède un moment électrique dipolaire non nul. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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