The research is focus on manufacturing one dimension lens plastic optical fiber array, carrying out by electrostatic force was applied to shape polymer liquid from hemisphere into paraboloid or near cone shape. In manufacturing process, the lens will be slanted by electrostatic force, so we shorten the electrode to solve the problem, and shorten the distance between fiber and fiber to manufacture the most small volume of the fiber array. To combine the two methods, we can manufacture the high coupling efficiency of the one dimension lens plastic optical fiber array. Finally, the above improved strategies are verified by the simulation and experimental results.

This paper presents a novel active-alignment technique to fabricate one-dimensional optical fiber array. The advantages of this technique are providing simple structure on silicon- based optoelctronic device and individually adjusting relative position error of fiber array and laser diode array. The way to adjust fiber displacement is applying electric force to pull the adhesive which used to fix fibers and microholders. Then the adhesive has adhesive force with fiber surface that bring fiber moving away from its original position. The method has to consider some issues including choosing the adhesive viscosity, controlling adhesive volume in the microholder, confirming adjusting precision of fiber displacement, compensating the fiber Offset after curing. So we can obtain the minimum adjusting precision 0.5£gm and control the fiber traveling distance at ¡Ó0.4£gm. The way to improve those issues of adjusting the fiber array to achieve the best coupling position is described in this paper.

Abstract For the requirements of high-speed signal transmission has been increasing in the optical communication system ,so the fiber array in the communication system has a lot of advantages which can not be replaced. But the loss of coupling efficiency is a difficult problem as the distance of communication is getting longer and longer. The packaging quality of the fiber array module. In order to increase the transmission and the coupling efficiency, we produce the high precision to reach the goal. This paper use adhesive bonding technology to packageing of the fiber array module. But the adhesive had shrinkage and strength two problem. This paper presents a novel height and strength control strategy is constructed to fabricate one-dimensional optical fiber array. For the height,a active-alignment technique is used and shrinkage control and pick adhesive parameter can improve accuracy to displacement distance is below 1£gm in the work tempeture.For the strength of the adhesion¡Aa way to use different kind temperature in the work can add adhesion's strength. After work use to replace temperature in order to add strength. All the improvements of the above packading technologies are proposed to raise or keep the performance of the fiber array module.So,the error between theories and experiments can be minimized.Meanwhile,a high stability and repeatability of the packaging can be achieved due to the automation of the positioning force sensing,andinspection.

Here choose wedge-shaped fiber, which have sample shape, low manufacture cost and time, to manufacture wedge-shaped fiber array in the paper. In order to reduce cost, it depends on change and reduce manufacture process steps.

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For the requirements of high-speed signal transmission has been increasing, the fiber array in the communication system has a lot of advantages which can not be replaced. But the loss of coupling efficiency is a difficult problem as the distance of communication is getting longer and longer. For the sake of solving this problem, the system needs to use optic amplifier for enlarging the coupling efficiency in every long distance. The receiver can receive the correct signal by using optic amplifier. In order to reduce the using amount of optic amplifier for decreasing the cost, producing the fiber array with high coupling efficiency can reach the goal. This paper chooses quadrangular-pyramid-shaped fiber endface (QPSFE) which has better coupling efficiency than flattened-end fiber to research. Among those different manufacturing methods and different precision for fiber array packaging, the research chooses the method of grinding to manufacture the shape of surface. The research can raise the accuracy of manufacture for increasing the coupling efficiency of QPSFE by external equipments.

This paper presents a search method of coupling between the laser and fiber , search method to make up through the fiber and the laser inter-position deviation caused optical transmission loss , this search method is applied in the array-alignment is different from the traditional single-alignment , the advantage for the method is simple, through the rough alignment then blind search and angle search , for fiber array find the coupling of the greatest optical power position. In the experiment there are four degrees of freedom to use precise stage to fine-tune the location of fiber array , to reduce losses due to tools to reach precise alignment of purpose ,so we prove our method can achieve the objective of the fiber-optic alignment in our experiments.

For getting the position which can obtain the maximum coupling efficiency, fiber array and laser array need to be adjusted while the module of fiber array is packaging, than fastening it on the base. Nowadays, there are some methods for fastening the fiber array like adhesive, soldering and laser welding. But the material will discover some phenomenons like expansion and contraction during the process of heating and solidification. Those phenomenons will lead the system to deviate on the six degree of freedom (D.O.F). Because of the fiber array system will confront with the situation of deviation, the magnitude of coupling efficiency will drop down. It is because that the technique of laser welding will cause smaller deviation than other methods just mentioned, so the research choose the method of laser welding for packaging. The distance between fiber and laser array is too small to fasten the CCD on the directions of X, Y and Z axes while the research measures the deviation. So the research uses a mirror to reflect the image for obtaining the correct position of the space and Post-Weld-Shift measurement the deviation of system. Afterward, the research designs a structure for reducing the deviation and increasing the coupling efficiency of system.

Large area fiber array telescopes are a relatively modern development in the long history of telescope design and effectively create a single large equivalent aperture by combining many smaller unit telescopes at a fraction of the cost. In this study a spectrograph optical design is demonstrated that utilizes photonic lanterns in the input fiber feed for the Large Fiber Array Spectroscopic Telescope (LFAST) design concept, where photonic lanterns provide a simplified approach to the fiber feed originally proposed for LFAST. Conservation of etendue is applied to derive the relationship between slit size and photonic lantern ratio, and classical echelle spectrograph designs are explored. A high-resolution spectrograph for LFAST is shown to not be feasible due to the large number of input fibers that result in a large required cross-dispersion within the constraint of practical and cost-effective optical component sizes. An alternative approach of splitting the slit length and replicating spectrographs is explored, and an optimal choice of four spectrographs with a photonic lantern ration of four is determined. Even with this approach, detailed spectrograph component designs show that the spectrograph does not meet the resolution requirements and is fundamentally limited by design constraints imposed by component sizes. Alternative layouts and design decisions to improve optical performance are surveyed for future design research, and include white pupil optics, echelle grating design considerations, spectral arm splitting, and use of reflective and catadioptric systems with aspheric surfaces. While these show promise for improving the spectrograph performance, the design is demonstrated to still be challenging and will likely require innovative approaches to meet the high-resolution design goals.