Cette thèse aborde plusieurs sujets relatifs à l’impact de la régulation sectorielle sur la concurrence et l’investissement dans le secteur des communications électroniques. En particulier, cette thèse soulève des questions relative à la pertinence de la régulation, lorsque celle-ci est imposée à de technologies anciennes, notamment lorsque des technologies plus efficaces et plus modernes sont disponibles sur le marché à un prix abordable. Cette thèse permet également d’analyser comment la régulation sectorielle affecte la concurrence entre technologies et indirectement l’investissement des opérateurs privés. Des analyses plus complètes sont proposées en ce qui concerne le marché du haut et du très haut débit. J’y estime dans quelle mesure l’impact de la concurrence (via le dégroupage de la boucle locale cuivre) vient affecter les incitations à investir des opérateurs dans les réseaux en fibre optique. Enfin, cette thèse permet d’évaluer l’impact des réseaux très haut débit sur la croissance économique au niveau local, en termes d’impact sur les créations d’entreprises et les créations d’entreprises unipersonnelles. Cette dernière étude a pour objectif de quantifier les bénéfices économiques provenant du déploiement de ces réseaux de nouvelle génération. / This thesis approaches several issues related to the impact of sector-specific regulation on competition and investments in the electronic communication sector. More specifically, it raises the question of the relevance of regulation when applied to an old technology, when enhanced and affordable alternative technologies are available. It also analyzes how regulation affects competition between technologies and indirectly operators’ investments. Further analyses are provided for the fixed broadband market, with an assessment of the effect of competition via local loop unbundling on operators’ incentives to invest into fiber networks. Finally, this thesis evaluates the impact of very high-speed broadband networks on local economic growth, in terms of establishment creation and sole proprietorship creation. It attempts to quantify the economic benefits stemming from the roll-out of next generation access networks

By 2020 there will be 50 billion connected devices over the Internet. With the fast-increasing data traffic demand in both fixed and mobile networks, network operators need to migrate networks towards next generation solutions. The network migration requires the enormous investment in equipment and infrastructure, while the revenues are not expected to grow significantly. Therefore, one of the main challenges for network operators is to find out a proper cost-effective optical network solution that can match future high capacity demand and flexibly support multiple network services on a common network infrastructure. The first part of the thesis addresses the Active Optical Network (AON) and its migration strategies towards Next Generation Optical Access (NGOA) solutions. Several migration strategies are proposed from the perspective of network topology, data plane and control plane. A general methodology for Techno-Economic analysis has been developed and applied to the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) calculation of different NGOA solutions. The thesis provides a complete cost evaluation of AON migration paths, which can be used by network operators to assess the economic feasibility of network migration. A converged Optical Transport Network (OTN) that can serve both fixed and mobile network services is beneficial from the cost-saving perspective. However, the different types of services, require different network performance. The second part of the thesis focuses on the investigation of the converged OTN that can be flexibly and timely adjusted to satisfy varying service conditions. A programmable OTN featured with Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) in the data plane and Software Defined Networking (SDN) in control plane has been proposed. To demonstrate the benefits of the converged OTN, the thesis also provides a multi-domain orchestration architecture for the multiple network services.  The resource orchestration, across three network domains: OTN, mobile network and cloud, enables agile service creation and optimized resource allocation among the multiple domains. / <p>QC 20170512</p>