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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
171

Caractérisation et modélisation de l’évolution de la fissuration des bétons renforcés de fibres sous charge soutenue / Long-term behavior of precast prestressed fibre reinforced concrete

Daviau-Desnoyers, Dominic 21 April 2015 (has links)
L'intérêt grandissant des chercheurs et de l'industrie démontre l'énorme potentiel que les bétons renforcés de fibres (BRF) peuvent procurer aux ouvrages de béton armé. Afin de répondre aux enjeux modernes que pose la durabilité, il est nécessaire de maîtriser et d'anticiper les problèmes de fissuration. Ce projet de thèse a pour objectif d'identifier les mécanismes conduisant à la propagation de la fissuration sous charge soutenue, et de modéliser ces mécanismes par la méthode des éléments finis. Pour ce faire, trois programmes expérimentaux en plus des essais de caractérisation furent conduits sur des éprouvettes de différentes tailles en BRF : des poutrelles de 0.7 mètres ; quatre poutres de 4 mètres, une renforcée de fibres uniquement, une renforcée de barres d'armature traditionnelle, une de torons adhérents, et une de torons non-adhérents ; et enfin une poutre de 8 mètres. Les résultats permettent de comparer l'évolution du comportement global (flèche, complaisance, etc.) et du comportement local (ouvertures de fissures, nombre de fissures, etc.) pour trois grandeurs de poutres, et pour des conditions de renforcement différentes. Les résultats des essais sur les poutrelles montrent que la propagation de la fissuration gouverne la rupture des poutres en BRF soumises à des niveaux élevés de charge maintenue constante. Et qu'il existe une relation exponentielle entre les vitesses secondaires de flèche et d'ouverture de fissure et les niveaux élevés de charge maintenue constante. Les résultats des essais sur les poutres de 4 mètres montrent que le mécanisme moteur de la propagation de la fissuration des BRF sous charge soutenue conduisant à l'augmentation de la complaisance, et donc de l'évolution de l'endommagement global, est le même pour toutes les poutres, indépendamment du type de renforcement. De plus, la contribution de l'armature influence les vitesses secondaires de flèche une fois que l'efficacité du pontage des fibres diminue. La vitesse secondaire de flèche tend à diminuer lorsque la contribution du renforcement augmente. Finalement, la prédiction de l'évolution de la fissuration dans le temps dans le but d'accroître la durée de vie des structures est une perspective avantageuse et prometteuse que seuls les modèles numériques cohérents avec les mécanismes de fissuration des bétons peuvent offrir. À cet effet, un modèle numérique est proposé pour l'analyse de l'évolution de la fissuration des BRF sous charge soutenue à de hauts niveaux de chargement. Ce modèle est basé sur une approche probabiliste de la fissuration. Il a pour particularité de prendre en compte le rôle de l'hétérogénéité du matériau dans les processus de fissuration et notamment sur leur caractère aléatoire. La capacité du modèle numérique à prédire le comportement global et l'évolution de la fissuration est vérifiée à l'aide des résultats expérimentaux. Les résultats montrent que l'approche proposée est une des approches possibles pour simuler la propagation de la fissuration des BRF sous des niveaux élevés de chargement soutenu / The growing interest of researchers and of the construction industry demonstrates the enormous potential that steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) may bring to reinforced concrete structures. In order to address modern durability concerns, it is necessary to control and anticipate cracking problems. This thesis aims to identify the thriving mechanisms of crack propagation under sustained loading, and simulate these mechanisms using a finite element approach. Three experimental programs were conducted on different SFRC specimen sizes: beams of 0.7 m; four beams of 4 m, one reinforced with steel fibres only, one with traditional reinforcement, one with bonded strands and one with unbonded strands; and one beam of 8 m. The results are used to compare the evolution of the global behaviour (deflection, compliance, etc.) and the local behaviour (crack openings, number of cracks, etc.) for three beam sizes and reinforcement conditions.For the small beams, the results show that crack propagation governs the failure of SFRC beams submitted to high sustained loadings and that an exponential relation exists between the secondary deflection and CMOD rates per unit load and sustained load levels greater than 60%, suggesting that the creep mechanism is the same regardless of the global or local scale of observation.For the 4 meters beams, the results show that the thriving mechanism of creep, resulting in the evolution of the compliance, and thus the evolution of the damage state under sustained loading, is the same for all beams, regardless of the reinforcement type. Moreover, the contribution of the reinforcement influences the secondary creep deflection rates once the efficiency of the bridging effect of fibres decreases. A greater contribution of the reinforcement leads to a lower secondary creep deflection rate.Finally, the prediction of the evolution of cracking in time in order to increase the lifetime of structures is an advantageous and promising perspective that only numerical models consistent with the cracking mechanisms of SFRC may offer. To this end, a numerical model is proposed to analyze the evolution of cracking of SFRC under high sustained loadings. This model is based on a probabilistic discrete cracking approach. The model takes into account the heterogeneity of the material in the cracking process, thus taking into account scale effects. The model is validated using the experimental results
172

Étude d'une fibre optique à profil d'indice parabolique divergent

Lachance, Richard L. 06 November 2023 (has links)
Le présent projet vise à étudier de façon analytique et numérique un nouveau type de profil d'indice à l'intérieur d'une fibre optique. Une brève introduction est d'abord présentée pour définir et situer la fibre par rapport aux différents types de guides d'ondes déjà existants. Une approche théorique est développée visant à solutionner l'équation différentielle de propagation, puis un calcul sur ordinateur est effectué pour simuler le comportement de la fibre. Ses propriétés fondamentales sont ensuite présentées et comparées aux propriétés de la fibre à saut d'indice et de la fibre à profil d'indice parabolique convergent. La conclusion comporte une discussion sur l'intérêt du nouveau profil, sur ses avantages, ainsi que sur son éventuelle faisabilité.
173

Characterisation of normal and high-strength plain and fibre-reinforced concretes by means of strength, fracture and combined fracture/relaxation tests

Taylor, Mark January 1997 (has links)
The main objective of this study was the application of strength, fracture and creep/relaxation tests to plain and fibre-reinforced high-strength concretes. Initially, five grades of concrete were developed and evaluated. Target 28 day compressive strengths were 40,60,80 100 and 120 N/mm2, the latter three being high-strength concretes (HSCs) containing a süperplasticiser and 10% silica fume. The others were normal-strength mixes used for comparison purposes. Each grade was made with 10 mm maximum-sized crushed limestone and gravel coarse aggregates making ten mixes in total. All were required to have sufficiently high workability and stability to accept reasonable amounts of fibre reinforcement. The data reported allows estimates of mix proportions for a range of HSC mixes to be determined. Various amounts of steel and polypropylene fibres were then added to the ten mixes to determine their optimum and maximum practical concentrations. The traditional type of toughness test based on un-notched beams in four-point loading was not employed. Instead, notched beams in three-point loading (equivalent to the RILEM work-of-fracture arrangement) and compact compression specimens were used. Both were tested under closed-loop conditions using crack-mouth opening displacement (CMOD) control. Post-cracking toughness was determined by means of the 15a nd 110to ughness indices given in ASTM C 1018. It was found that though fracture-based tests under CMOD control were an improvement on more traditional techniques, 15 and 110 were too insensitive to allow fibre type and volume to be differentiated. Next, work-of-fracture tests to measure the fracture energy, GF, were carried out on the plain concretes, initially under quasi-static loading. Both load/deflection and load/CMOD curves were recorded. GF showed little change with strength for a given aggregate type. Even though similar grades of crushed limestone and gravel HSCs had different GF values, the measure was still considered unsuitable for characterising the fracture properties of concrete. Similar experiments were then carried out on all ten mixes at five orders of magnitude of test duration (30 seconds to 2 days). GF appeared to be independent of strain rate. Both types of test highlighted the greater suitability of load/CMOD rather than load/deflection curves when evaluating GF. Finally, combined fracture and relaxation tests were undertaken in an attempt to obtain medium term fracture parameters. Though the CMOD was locked at 90,70 and 50% of the peak load in the strain-softening region, the deflection, when measured, showed a noticeable reduction over the seven days of each experiment, suggesting that significant cracking and stress redistribution within the fracture process zone was taking place. This finding has opened up a major area of important future research by confirming that the use of quasi-static fracture parameters in finite element studies is suspect.
174

Carbon-based negative electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries

Perkins, Mark James January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
175

Characterizing single-mode fibres and single-mode fibre lenses

Martinez Pinon, F. January 1988 (has links)
No description available.
176

Fabrication and characterisation ceramic matrix continuous fibre reinforced composites by sol-gel processing

Wu, Jiali January 1995 (has links)
No description available.
177

The in-situ manufacture of a metal-loaded, anisotropically conductive adhesive

Callister, Richard D. C. January 1999 (has links)
No description available.
178

Pulsed and CW waves in nonlinear optical fibre and planar waveguides

Cooper, G. S. January 1988 (has links)
No description available.
179

Simulation of nonlinear optical, magnetic and acoustic envelope pulse propagation

Mehta, Hiren Mukundroy January 1995 (has links)
No description available.
180

Synthesis and characterisation of some fibre forming thermotropic polymers

Maj, P. E. P. January 1985 (has links)
No description available.

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