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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Quality assessment of mineral wool insulation plates : Using ultrasonic non-destructive testing

Ikonen, Linus, Nilsson, Daniel January 2019 (has links)
In the manufacturing process of mineral wool insulation plates, defects arise, such as unmelted base minerals and uncured binder which gets embedded within the plates. To be able to sort out these defective plates from a manufacturing line, a reliable quality assessment is needed. The aim is to find an ultrasonic non-destructive testing method that can identify the embedded defects. This was achieved through experiments on defective insulation plates using three different ultrasonic non-destructive testing methods that were of interest. These methods were higher harmonics, pulse-echo and through transmission. Of these three, the through transmission method showed the most promising results in finding the defects that were sought after. The through transmission method utilizes two aligned transducers, one acting as a transmitter and one as a receiver. When the defective area passes through the sound beam between the transducers the intensity of the beam drops, indicating that a defect is present. The weakened intensity is due to the signal attenuation, mainly caused by the higher density of the defects compared to the base material in the surrounding insulation plate. The method is well suited for being implemented in a production line since it’s a fast method and, therefore, suited for moving objects. More measurements are needed to establish a reliable reference value to consistently distinguish the defects from the surrounding plate. The method was only evaluated in a small scale experimental environment so further experiments on a larger scale are needed to mimic and evaluate the reliability in the real case scenario of the production lines. / I tillverkningsprocessen av isolerskivor i stenull uppstår inneboende defekter i isolerskivorna, dessa defekter består av osmälta basmineraler och ohärdat bindemedel. För att kunna sortera bort dessa skadade skivor från tillverkningslinjen behövs en pålitlig metod för kvalitetsbedömning. Avsikten med det här arbetet är att hitta en oförstörande provningsmetod baserad på ultraljud som kan identifiera de inneboende defekterna. Detta genomfördes genom experiment på defekta isolerskivor med tre olika oförstörande provningsmetoder baserade på ultraljud. Dessa metoderna var, higher harmonics, pitch-echo och through transmission. Through transmission visade lovande resultat i att identifiera de båda typerna av skador. Metoden är baserad på att en sändare sänder ut ultraljud till en mottagare placerad i linje med sändaren. När ett defekt område passerar ultraljudsvågen mellan sändaren och mottagaren försvagas intensiteten av signalen. Försvagningen av signalen beror mestadels på att densiteten är högre hos defekterna än hos basmaterialet i isolerskivan. Denna försvagning indikerar att en defekt befinner sig i mätområdet. Metoden är väl implementerbar i en tillverkningslinje, då det är en snabb metod vilket den behöver vara då objektet är i rörelse. Mer mätningar behövs för att fastställa ett pålitligt referensvärde för att konsekvent kunna sortera ut de defekta isolerskivorna. Metoden är endast utvärderad i en småskalig laborationsmiljö och det behövs fler tester i en större skala undersöka pålitligheten i det verkliga scenariot med tillverkningslinjen.
12

Mécanique des milieux fibreux auto-enchevêtrés : application à un alliage à mémoire de forme de type Nickel-Titane / Auto-entangled fibrous materials mechanics : application to a shape memory alloy NiTi

Gadot, Benjamin 10 March 2015 (has links)
L’objectif de ce travail est d’élaborer et de caractériser pour des applications biomédicalesun matériau auto-enchevêtré à base d’une seule fibre d’alliage à mémoire deforme de type Nickel-Titane. Nous avons optimisé un procédé de fabrication consistantà enchevêtrer et figer un ressort par des traitements thermiques. Les échantillonsont été caractérisés en compression et traction, avec suivi par caméra optique ettomographie in-situ. Les structures obtenues sont homogènes, isotropes, superélastiquesà température ambiante jusqu’à des déformations d’au moins 30%, et peuventdevenir ferroélastiques avec un effet mémoire d’au moins 16% par un traitement thermiqueadditionnel. Leur comportement en compression est consolidant puis dilatantet en traction, légèrement auxétique. Une comparaison avec des milieux similairesconstitués de fils ductiles et viscoélastiques, ainsi qu’avec des simulations par élémentsdiscrets sur des milieux élastiques sans frottement, montre que les propriétésmécaniques des structures auto-enchevêtrées sont contrôlées par leur architecturesingulière, à mi-chemin entre milieux continus et discrets. / The aim of this work is to process and characterize for biomedical applications,self-entangled structures made of a single NiTi shape memory fiber. We have optimizeda processing route consisting in entangling and shape-setting a spring bythermomechanical treatments. The samples were characterized in compression andtension, using optical and x-ray tomographic observations. The structures thus obtainedare homogeneous, isotropic, superelastic at room temperature up to strains ofat least 30%, and can become ferroelastic with a shape memory effect up to at least16% strain by an additional heat treatment. The mechanical behavior in compressionis first consolidating and then dilating, while in tension, the samples are slightlyauxetic. A comparison with similar media made of ductile and viscoelastic fibers,as well as with discrete element simulations on friction-free elastic fibers, show thatthe mechanical properties of these self-entangled structures are controlled by theirunique architecture, in-between continuous and discrete media.
13

Mécanique des milieux fibreux auto-enchevêtrés : application à un alliage à mémoire de forme de type Nickel-Titane / Auto-entangled fibrous materials mechanics : application to a shape memory alloy NiTi

Gadot, Benjamin 10 March 2015 (has links)
L’objectif de ce travail est d’élaborer et de caractériser pour des applications biomédicalesun matériau auto-enchevêtré à base d’une seule fibre d’alliage à mémoire deforme de type Nickel-Titane. Nous avons optimisé un procédé de fabrication consistantà enchevêtrer et figer un ressort par des traitements thermiques. Les échantillonsont été caractérisés en compression et traction, avec suivi par caméra optique ettomographie in-situ. Les structures obtenues sont homogènes, isotropes, superélastiquesà température ambiante jusqu’à des déformations d’au moins 30%, et peuventdevenir ferroélastiques avec un effet mémoire d’au moins 16% par un traitement thermiqueadditionnel. Leur comportement en compression est consolidant puis dilatantet en traction, légèrement auxétique. Une comparaison avec des milieux similairesconstitués de fils ductiles et viscoélastiques, ainsi qu’avec des simulations par élémentsdiscrets sur des milieux élastiques sans frottement, montre que les propriétésmécaniques des structures auto-enchevêtrées sont contrôlées par leur architecturesingulière, à mi-chemin entre milieux continus et discrets. / The aim of this work is to process and characterize for biomedical applications,self-entangled structures made of a single NiTi shape memory fiber. We have optimizeda processing route consisting in entangling and shape-setting a spring bythermomechanical treatments. The samples were characterized in compression andtension, using optical and x-ray tomographic observations. The structures thus obtainedare homogeneous, isotropic, superelastic at room temperature up to strains ofat least 30%, and can become ferroelastic with a shape memory effect up to at least16% strain by an additional heat treatment. The mechanical behavior in compressionis first consolidating and then dilating, while in tension, the samples are slightlyauxetic. A comparison with similar media made of ductile and viscoelastic fibers,as well as with discrete element simulations on friction-free elastic fibers, show thatthe mechanical properties of these self-entangled structures are controlled by theirunique architecture, in-between continuous and discrete media.

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