Submitted by Luiz Affonso Souza Faria (souzaffonso@gmail.com) on 2016-06-17T21:01:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Defesa_biblioteca_Luiz_Affonso.pdf: 3123195 bytes, checksum: 16931777d473b94f7e8908c291644f6a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-06-21T16:45:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 faria_las_me_ilha.pdf: 3123195 bytes, checksum: 16931777d473b94f7e8908c291644f6a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-21T16:45:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 faria_las_me_ilha.pdf: 3123195 bytes, checksum: 16931777d473b94f7e8908c291644f6a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho consiste na preparação de filmes por meio de soluções contendo poli(fluoreto de vinilideno) – PVDF dissolvido em N, N Dimetilformamida (DMF) e material cerâmico como argila montmorilonita (K10), pelo método de Fiação por Sopro em Solução (FSS). As partículas de argila foram introduzidas como um aditivo para filmes de PVDF. Os filmes obtidos foram caracterizados por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), que mostrou que a introdução da argila ao PDVF não afetou a sua morfologia, as mesmas se apresentaram aleatoriamente dispersas, homogêneas, e sem uma direção preferencial. Os resultados obtidos por Difratometria de Raio – X (DRX) mostrou pico mais intenso em 2θ = 20,8o característico da fase β polar e um ombro em 2θ = 18,8o característico da fase cristalina α do PVDF, porém para argila K10 apresenta um pico em 2θ = 8,9o correspondendo a um espaçamento basal de 9,9 Ǻ e outros picos correspondentes ao mineral muscovita e também referente ao quartzo. Análises termogravimétricas (TGA) revelaram que o PVDF possui um comportamento estável até próximo de 420°C, para argila a perda ocorre abaixo de 120°C devido às moléculas de água e também a desidroxilação argilomineral. A determinação do pHPCZ é o ponto onde a curva experimental de pHfinal x pHinicial encontra a reta correspondente ao pHfinal = pHinicial, assim o ponto obtido foi de 6,57, pois neste ponto a carga da superfície do material é zero. A Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica de Alta Resolução com fonte contínua (HR – CS AAS - do inglês: High - resolution Continuum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrometry) foi utilizada para determinar a concentração dos íons metálicos de Pb e Cu nos estudos de adsorção. As concentrações das soluções em contato com o material PVDF/Argila k10 foram medidas para a determinação da capacidade de adsorção através de isotermas com diferentes concentrações molares dos íons metálicos. No estudo de adsorção de Pb e Cu, ambos apresentaram capacidade máxima de adsorção pelo adsorvente (Nfmáx) foram satisfatórios, no qual os valores Nfmáx (teórico) estiveram próximos do Nf (experimental) de 0,1804 x 10-5 para o Cu e de 0,2416 x 10-5 para o Pb e que o tempo necessário para que o equilíbrio fosse atingido é de 10h. O estudo cinético revelou que os dados experimentais no meio aquoso e seus respectivos íons metálicos podem ser descrito pelo modelo pseudo - segunda - ordem com um coeficiente de determinação (R²) de 0,9992 para o Pb e 0,9994 para o Cu. / This work is the preparation of films by means of solutions containing poly (vinylidene fluoride) - PVDF dissolved in N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) and ceramic material such as montmorillonite clay (K10), the wiring method Blow solution (FSS). The clay particles were introduced as an additive to PVDF films. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (MEV), which showed that the introduction of the clay PDVF did not affect their morphology, they performed randomly dispersed, homogeneous, and without a preferred direction. The results obtained by diffraction of ray - X (XRD) showed the most intense peak at 2θ = 20,8o characteristic of β-polar phase and one shoulder at 2θ = 18,8o characteristic of the α crystal phase of PVDF, but to present a K10 clay peak at 2θ = 8,9o corresponding to a basal spacing of 9.9 Ǻ and other peaks corresponding to the mineral muscovite and also related to quartz. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) revealed that the PVDF has a stable performance up to near 420°C to clay loss occurs below 120°C due to water molecules and also clay mineral dehydroxylation. The determination of pHPCZ is the point where the experimental curve pHend x pHearly finds the line corresponding to the pHend = pHearly therefore the point obtained was 6.57 because at this point the material surface charge is zero. The High - resolution Continuum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (HR - CS ASS) it was used to determine the concentration of metallic Pb and Cu ion in the adsorption studies. The concentrations of the solutions in contact with the PVDF/K10 clay material were measured to determine the adsorption capacity through isotherms with different molar concentrations of metal ions. In the study of Pb and Cu adsorption, both showed adsorption capacity of the adsorbent (Nf máx) were satisfactory in which values Nf máx (theoretical) were close to Nf (experimental) from 0.1804 x 10-5 to Cu and from 0.2416 x 10-5 to Pb and the time required for equilibrium to be reached is 10h. The kinetic study showed that the experimental data in the aqueous medium and the respective metal ions can be described by the model pseudo - second - order with a coefficient of determination (R²) from 0.9992 for Pb and 0.9994 for Cu.

Orientador: Mirian Cristina dos Santos / Resumo: Este trabalho consiste na preparação de filmes por meio de soluções contendo poli(fluoreto de vinilideno) – PVDF dissolvido em N, N Dimetilformamida (DMF) e material cerâmico como argila montmorilonita (K10), pelo método de Fiação por Sopro em Solução (FSS). As partículas de argila foram introduzidas como um aditivo para filmes de PVDF. Os filmes obtidos foram caracterizados por Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV), que mostrou que a introdução da argila ao PDVF não afetou a sua morfologia, as mesmas se apresentaram aleatoriamente dispersas, homogêneas, e sem uma direção preferencial. Os resultados obtidos por Difratometria de Raio – X (DRX) mostrou pico mais intenso em 2θ = 20,8o característico da fase β polar e um ombro em 2θ = 18,8o característico da fase cristalina α do PVDF, porém para argila K10 apresenta um pico em 2θ = 8,9o correspondendo a um espaçamento basal de 9,9 Ǻ e outros picos correspondentes ao mineral muscovita e também referente ao quartzo. Análises termogravimétricas (TGA) revelaram que o PVDF possui um comportamento estável até próximo de 420°C, para argila a perda ocorre abaixo de 120°C devido às moléculas de água e também a desidroxilação argilomineral. A determinação do pHPCZ é o ponto onde a curva experimental de pHfinal x pHinicial encontra a reta correspondente ao pHfinal = pHinicial, assim o ponto obtido foi de 6,57, pois neste ponto a carga da superfície do material é zero. A Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica de Alta Resolução com fonte con... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This work is the preparation of films by means of solutions containing poly (vinylidene fluoride) - PVDF dissolved in N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) and ceramic material such as montmorillonite clay (K10), the wiring method Blow solution (FSS). The clay particles were introduced as an additive to PVDF films. The films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (MEV), which showed that the introduction of the clay PDVF did not affect their morphology, they performed randomly dispersed, homogeneous, and without a preferred direction. The results obtained by diffraction of ray - X (XRD) showed the most intense peak at 2θ = 20,8o characteristic of β-polar phase and one shoulder at 2θ = 18,8o characteristic of the α crystal phase of PVDF, but to present a K10 clay peak at 2θ = 8,9o corresponding to a basal spacing of 9.9 Ǻ and other peaks corresponding to the mineral muscovite and also related to quartz. Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) revealed that the PVDF has a stable performance up to near 420°C to clay loss occurs below 120°C due to water molecules and also clay mineral dehydroxylation. The determination of pHPCZ is the point where the experimental curve pHend x pHearly finds the line corresponding to the pHend = pHearly therefore the point obtained was 6.57 because at this point the material surface charge is zero. The High - resolution Continuum Source Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (HR - CS ASS) it was used to determine the concentration of metallic Pb and Cu ion i... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Les modèles numériques personnalisables d'organes du corps humain offrent un formidable potentiel pour évaluer le risque lésionnel dans les domaines de la sécurité des transports, du médical ou du sport. Suivant les applications, différents niveaux de détails peuvent être nécessaires. En particulier, lorsque le comportement mécanique des tissus biologiques doit être finement reproduit, les modèles de comportement doivent intégrer des considérations sur la structure du tissu, et simuler les mécanismes suivant lesquels il réagit à un chargement mécanique. Le travail de thèse présenté ici s'est focalisé sur la capsule de foie, notamment sur ses propriétés microstructurales et mécaniques, afin d'identifier les hypothèses importantes à intégrer dans la construction d'un modèle constitutif de tissu fibreux basé sur la microstructure. La méthodologie expérimentale a été mise en place afin de caractériser le comportement mécanique de ce tissu, en lien avec l'organisation de sa microstructure. Des essais de traction uniaxiale et de gonflement sous microscope confocal biphotonique ont été développés, pour observer l'évolution de la microstructure sous chargement. Des déformations macroscopiques ont été mesurées, et une méthode de mesure de champs de déformations locaux a été développée pour quantifier l'état de déformation du réseau de fibres. La réorganisation du réseau de fibre de collagène a également été quantifiée. L'analyse des liens existant entre les grandeurs mesurées à l'échelle macroscopique et ces phénomènes microscopiques est proposée, pour préciser les hypothèses à adopter dans les modèles permettant de passer de l'échelle des fibres au comportement global du tissu / Customized human body models offer a great potential to assess the injury risks in the fields of transport safety, surgery or sport. Various detail levels can then be needed, according to the targeted application. In particular, when the mechanical behavior of biological tissues needs to be accurately reproduced, numerical models have to include information about the structure of the tissue, and model the mechanisms of the response to mechanical loading. The work presented here focuses on the microstructural and mechanical characterization of the human liver capsule, in order to identify the important hypotheses that need to be included in a fibrous tissue constitutive model, based on microstructure. Thus, an experimental methodology has been developed to identify the mechanical behavior of this particular tissue, related with its microstructural organization. Uniaxial tensile tests, as well as bulge tests under a multiphoton confocal microscope have been performed, to observe the microstructure evolution during loading. Macroscopic strain has been assessed, and a method to measure local strain fields has been developed, to quantify the strain state of the fibrous network. The reorganization of the collagen fibers network has also been quantified. An analysis of the links between the measured macroscopic parameters and the microscopic phenomena is given. Therefore, the hypotheses that need to be included in constitutive models are highlighted, with particular consideration given to the affine transformation hypothesis which allows to link the fibers behavior to the global response of the tissue