Orientador: Denis Dalmazi / Banca: Alvaro de Souza Dutra / Banca: Saulo Henrique Pereira / Banca: José Abdala Helayel-Neto / Banca: Roldão da Rocha Júnior / Resumo: Dados experimentais de supernovas tem indicado uma expansão acelerada do Universo a grandes distancias. Isso tem motivado a formulação de teorias de gravidade massiva, pois com um gráviton massivo poderíamos modificar a gravidade no infravermelho, sem a necessidade de introduzir uma energia escura. Grande parte das teorias de gravidade massiva reduzem-se a n'nível linear ao modelo de Fierz-Pauli, que 'e de segunda ordem em derivadas e descreve partículas massivas de spin 2. Então, 'e natural indagarmos se há possíveis modelos alternativos duais ao modelo de Fierz-Pauli. Neste trabalho obtemos descrições alternativas para partículas massivas de spin 2. Mostramos que em D ≥ 3 há duas famílias de modelos de segunda ordem que descrevem partículas massivas de spin 2 através de um tensor não simétrico de rank 2. Obtivemos também descrições alternativas de partículas massivas de spin 2 através do procedimento de imersão do tensor de Euler de Fierz-Pauli. Todos os modelos obtidos são livres de fantasmas a n'nível quadrático, embora a maioria deles seja de ordem superior em derivadas. Os modelos que obtivemos podem ser escritos numa versão não linear em termos de uma m'métrica dinâmica e uma m'métrica fixa. Na parte final deste trabalho apresentamos duas versões não lineares de um modelo que descreve partículas de spin 2 massivas, porém com simetria de gauge, generalizando o modelo BF topologicamente massivo, que descreve partículas massivas de spin 1. Uma delas corresponde a um modelo biométrico com um novo acoplamento derivativo entre as métricas / Abstract: Experimental data of supernova have indicated an accelerated expansion of the Universe at large distances. This has motivated the formulation of massive gravity theories, since a tiny mass for the graviton would certainly diminish the gravitational interaction at large distances without the need to introduce the dark energy. Much of the theories built for massive gravity reduce to the Fierz-Pauli model at linearized level, which is second order (in derivatives) and describes massive spin-2 particles. So it is natural to ask for possible alternative dual models to the Fierz-Pauli model. In this work we obtain alternative descriptions of massive spin-2 particles. We show that in arbitrary dimensions D ≥ 3 there are two families of linearized second order Lagrangians describing massive spin- 2 particles via a non-symmetric rank-2 tensor. We have also obtained alternative descriptions of massive spin-2 particles by an embedding procedure of the Fierz-Pauli equations of motion. All models are free of ghosts at the quadratic level, although most of them are of a higher order in derivatives. The models that we obtain can be nonlinearly completed in terms of a dynamic and a fixed metric. In the final part of this work we present two nonlinear versions of a linear model describing massive spin-2 particles, but with gauge symmetry, generalizing the topologically massive BF model, which describes massive spin-1 particles. One of the models corresponds to a bimetric model with a new derivative coupling between the metrics / Doutor

Orientador: Denis Dalmazi / Banca: Álvaro de Souza Dutra / Banca: Júlio Marny Hoff da Silva / Banca: Victor Oliveira Rivelles / Banca: José Abdalla Helayel Neto / Resumo: Nessa tese investigaremos as formulações duais que descrevem partículas massivas de spin-3 em D = 2 + 1. Faremos isso através da Imersão de Calibre de Noether (ICN) e da técnica da ação mestra. Mostraremos que três termos de mistura podem ser utilizados para construir uma ação mestra que então fara a interpolação entre quatro modelos auto-duais de primeira, segunda, terceira e quarta ordem nas derivadas. Um desafio quando tratamos com teorias de spin alto se refere a adição de campos auxiliares que são necessários para evitar a propagação de modos de spin inferior ao desejado. Mostraremos que através das técnicas de dualização _e possível determinar as campos auxiliares de forma sistemática e que mesmo com a presença de tais campos os procedimentos de imersão e a técnica da ação mestra funcionam em consonância. Por _m lançamos algumas expectativas sobre a relação entre singletos e dubletos de paridade via procedimento de solda generalizada / Abstract: In this PhD thesis we investigate dual formulations for massive spin-3 particles in D = 2 + 1. This is carried out by means of the Noether gauge embedding and the master action technique. We show that three mixing terms can be used in order to interpolate between four self-dual models of first, second, third and fourth order in derivatives. The addition of the necessary auxiliary fields is nontrivial for higher spin theories, the auxiliary fields are needed to avoid the propagation of lower spin modes. We are going to verify that through the dualization techniques it is possible to determine the auxiliary lagrangians in a systematic way. Even in the presence of auxiliary fields the Noether embedment and the master action technique work well. Finally we give some clue on the relationship between parity singlets and parity doublets via generilezed soldering procedure / Doutor

by L.J. Chu and J.D. Jackson. / "April 28, 1947." / Bibliography: p. 25-26. / Army Signal Corps Contract No. W-36-039 sc-32037

This thesis reviews the use of 2-dimensional conformal field theory applied to gravity, specifically calculating Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of black holes in (2+1) dimensions. A brief review of general relativity, Conformal Field Theory, energy extraction from black holes, and black hole thermodynamics will be given. The Cardy formula, which calculates the entropy of a black hole from the AdS/CFT duality, will be shown to calculate the correct Bekenstein-Hawking entropy of the static and rotating BTZ black holes. The first law of black hole thermodynamics of the static, rotating, and charged-rotating BTZ black holes will be verified. / vii, 119 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm

No description available.

Classical mechanics provides a phase space representation of mechanical systems in terms of position and momentum state variables. The Hamiltonian system, a set of partial differential equations, defines a vector field in phase space and uniquely determines the evolutionary process of the system given its initial state.A closed form solution describing system trajectories in phase space is only possible if the system of differential equations defining the Hamiltonian is linear. For nonlinear cases approximate and qualitative methods are required.Generalized phase space methods do not confine state variables to position and momentum, allowing other observables to describe the system. Such a generalization adjusts the description of the system to the required information and provides a method for studying physical systems that are not strictly mechanical.This thesis presents and uses the methods of generalized phase space to compare linear to nonlinear systems.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306 / Department of Physics and Astronomy

Bibliography: leaves 143-146 / vii, 147 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Mathematical Physics, 1986

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Mathematical Physics, 1986. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-146).

Thesis (doctoral)--Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-123).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xv, 210 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 205-210). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center