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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Cost-effective dynamic repair for FPGAs in real-time systems / Reparo dinâmico de baixo custo para FPGAs em sistemas tempo-real

Santos, Leonardo Pereira January 2016 (has links)
Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) são largamente utilizadas em sistemas digitais por características como flexibilidade, baixo custo e alta densidade. Estas características advém do uso de células de SRAM na memória de configuração, o que torna estes dispositivos suscetíveis a erros induzidos por radiação, tais como SEUs. TMR é o método de mitigação mais utilizado, no entanto, possui um elevado custo tanto em área como em energia, restringindo seu uso em aplicações de baixo custo e/ou baixo consumo. Como alternativa a TMR, propõe-se utilizar DMR associado a um mecanismo de reparo da memória de configuração da FPGA chamado scrubbing. O reparo de FPGAs em sistemas em tempo real apresenta desafios específicos. Além da garantia da computação correta dos dados, esta computação deve se dar completamente dentro do tempo disponível (time-slot), devendo ser finalizada antes do tempo limite (deadline). A diferença entre o tempo de computação dos dados e a deadline é chamado de slack e é o tempo disponível para reparo do sistema. Este trabalho faz uso de scrubbing deslocado dinâmico, que busca maximizar a probabilidade de reparo da memória de configuração de FPGAs dentro do slack disponível, baseado em um diagnóstico do erro. O scrubbing deslocado já foi utilizado com técnicas de diagnóstico de grão fino (NAZAR, 2015). Este trabalho propõe o uso de técnicas de diagnóstico de grão grosso para o scrubbing deslocado, evitando as penalidades de desempenho e custos em área associados a técnicas de grão fino. Circuitos do conjunto MCNC foram protegidos com as técnicas propostas e submetidos a seções de injeção de erros (NAZAR; CARRO, 2012a). Os dados obtidos foram analisados e foram calculadas as melhores posição iniciais do scrubbing para cada um dos circuitos. Calculou-se a taxa de Failure-in-Time (FIT) para comparação entre as diferentes técnicas de diagnóstico propostas. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a hipótese inicial deste trabalho que a redução do número de bits sensíveis e uma baixa degradação do período do ciclo de relógio permitiram reduzir a taxa de FIT quando comparadas com técnicas de grão fino. Por fim, uma comparação entre as três técnicas propostas é feita, analisando o desempenho e custos em área associados a cada uma. / Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are widely used in digital systems due to characteristics such as flexibility, low cost and high density. These characteristics are due to the use of SRAM memory cells in the configuration memory, which make these devices susceptible to radiation-induced errors, such as SEUs. TMR is the most used mitigation technique, but it has an elevated cost both in area as well as in energy, restricting its use in low cost/low energy applications. As an alternative to TMR, we propose the use of DMR associated with a repair mechanism of the FPGA configuration memory called scrubbing. The repair of FPGA in real-time systems present a specific set of challenges. Besides guaranteeing the correct computation of data, this computation must be completely carried out within the available time (time-slot), being finalized before a time limit (deadline). The difference between the computation time and the deadline is called the slack and is the time available to repair the system. This work uses a dynamic shifted scrubbing that aims to maximize the repair probability of the configuration memory of the FPGA within the available slack based on error diagnostic. The shifted scrubbing was already proposed with fine-grained diagnostic techniques (NAZAR, 2015). This work proposes the use of coarse-grained diagnostic technique as a way to avoid the performance penalties and area costs associated to fine-grained techniques. Circuits of the MCNC suite were protected by the proposed techniques and subject to error-injection campaigns (NAZAR; CARRO, 2012a). The obtained data was analyzed and the best scrubbing starting positions for each circuit were calculated. The Failure-in-Time (FIT) rates were calculated to compare the different proposed diagnostic techniques. The obtained results validated the initial hypothesis of this work that the reduction of the number of sensitive bits and a low degradation of the clock cycle allowed a reduced FIT rate when compared with fine-grained diagnostic techniques. Finally, a comparison is made between the proposed techniques, considering performance and area costs associated to each one.
2

Implementation of an industrial process control interface for the LSC11 system using Lattice ECP2M FPGA

Murali Baskar Rao, Parthasarathy January 2012 (has links)
Reconfigurable devices are the mainstream in today’s system on chip solutions. Reconfigurable devices have the advantages of reduced cost over their equivalent custom design, quick time to market and the ability to reconfigure the design at will and ease. One such reconfigurable device is an FPGA. In this industrial thesis, the design and implementation of a control process interface using ECP2M FPGA and PCIe communication is accomplished. This control process interface is designed and implemented for a 3-D plotter system called LSC11. In this thesis, the FPGA unit implemented drives the plotter device based on specific timing requirements charted by the customer. The FPGA unit is interfaced to a Host CPU in this thesis (through PCIe communication) for controlling the LSC11 system using a custom software. All the peripherals required for the LSC11 system such as the ADC, DAC, Quadrature decoder and the PWM unit are also implemented as part of this thesis. This thesis also implements an efficient methodology to send all the inputs of the LSC11 system to the Host CPU without the necessity for issuing any cyclic read commands on the Host CPU. The RTL design is synthesised in FPGA and the system is verified for correctness and accuracy. The LSC11 system design consumed 79% of the total FPGA resources and the maximum clock frequency achieved was 130 Mhz. This thesis has been carried out at Abaxor Engineering GmbH, Germany. It is demonstrated in this thesis how FPGA aids in quick designing and implementation of system on chip solutions with PCIe communication.
3

Cost-effective dynamic repair for FPGAs in real-time systems / Reparo dinâmico de baixo custo para FPGAs em sistemas tempo-real

Santos, Leonardo Pereira January 2016 (has links)
Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) são largamente utilizadas em sistemas digitais por características como flexibilidade, baixo custo e alta densidade. Estas características advém do uso de células de SRAM na memória de configuração, o que torna estes dispositivos suscetíveis a erros induzidos por radiação, tais como SEUs. TMR é o método de mitigação mais utilizado, no entanto, possui um elevado custo tanto em área como em energia, restringindo seu uso em aplicações de baixo custo e/ou baixo consumo. Como alternativa a TMR, propõe-se utilizar DMR associado a um mecanismo de reparo da memória de configuração da FPGA chamado scrubbing. O reparo de FPGAs em sistemas em tempo real apresenta desafios específicos. Além da garantia da computação correta dos dados, esta computação deve se dar completamente dentro do tempo disponível (time-slot), devendo ser finalizada antes do tempo limite (deadline). A diferença entre o tempo de computação dos dados e a deadline é chamado de slack e é o tempo disponível para reparo do sistema. Este trabalho faz uso de scrubbing deslocado dinâmico, que busca maximizar a probabilidade de reparo da memória de configuração de FPGAs dentro do slack disponível, baseado em um diagnóstico do erro. O scrubbing deslocado já foi utilizado com técnicas de diagnóstico de grão fino (NAZAR, 2015). Este trabalho propõe o uso de técnicas de diagnóstico de grão grosso para o scrubbing deslocado, evitando as penalidades de desempenho e custos em área associados a técnicas de grão fino. Circuitos do conjunto MCNC foram protegidos com as técnicas propostas e submetidos a seções de injeção de erros (NAZAR; CARRO, 2012a). Os dados obtidos foram analisados e foram calculadas as melhores posição iniciais do scrubbing para cada um dos circuitos. Calculou-se a taxa de Failure-in-Time (FIT) para comparação entre as diferentes técnicas de diagnóstico propostas. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a hipótese inicial deste trabalho que a redução do número de bits sensíveis e uma baixa degradação do período do ciclo de relógio permitiram reduzir a taxa de FIT quando comparadas com técnicas de grão fino. Por fim, uma comparação entre as três técnicas propostas é feita, analisando o desempenho e custos em área associados a cada uma. / Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are widely used in digital systems due to characteristics such as flexibility, low cost and high density. These characteristics are due to the use of SRAM memory cells in the configuration memory, which make these devices susceptible to radiation-induced errors, such as SEUs. TMR is the most used mitigation technique, but it has an elevated cost both in area as well as in energy, restricting its use in low cost/low energy applications. As an alternative to TMR, we propose the use of DMR associated with a repair mechanism of the FPGA configuration memory called scrubbing. The repair of FPGA in real-time systems present a specific set of challenges. Besides guaranteeing the correct computation of data, this computation must be completely carried out within the available time (time-slot), being finalized before a time limit (deadline). The difference between the computation time and the deadline is called the slack and is the time available to repair the system. This work uses a dynamic shifted scrubbing that aims to maximize the repair probability of the configuration memory of the FPGA within the available slack based on error diagnostic. The shifted scrubbing was already proposed with fine-grained diagnostic techniques (NAZAR, 2015). This work proposes the use of coarse-grained diagnostic technique as a way to avoid the performance penalties and area costs associated to fine-grained techniques. Circuits of the MCNC suite were protected by the proposed techniques and subject to error-injection campaigns (NAZAR; CARRO, 2012a). The obtained data was analyzed and the best scrubbing starting positions for each circuit were calculated. The Failure-in-Time (FIT) rates were calculated to compare the different proposed diagnostic techniques. The obtained results validated the initial hypothesis of this work that the reduction of the number of sensitive bits and a low degradation of the clock cycle allowed a reduced FIT rate when compared with fine-grained diagnostic techniques. Finally, a comparison is made between the proposed techniques, considering performance and area costs associated to each one.
4

Cost-effective dynamic repair for FPGAs in real-time systems / Reparo dinâmico de baixo custo para FPGAs em sistemas tempo-real

Santos, Leonardo Pereira January 2016 (has links)
Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) são largamente utilizadas em sistemas digitais por características como flexibilidade, baixo custo e alta densidade. Estas características advém do uso de células de SRAM na memória de configuração, o que torna estes dispositivos suscetíveis a erros induzidos por radiação, tais como SEUs. TMR é o método de mitigação mais utilizado, no entanto, possui um elevado custo tanto em área como em energia, restringindo seu uso em aplicações de baixo custo e/ou baixo consumo. Como alternativa a TMR, propõe-se utilizar DMR associado a um mecanismo de reparo da memória de configuração da FPGA chamado scrubbing. O reparo de FPGAs em sistemas em tempo real apresenta desafios específicos. Além da garantia da computação correta dos dados, esta computação deve se dar completamente dentro do tempo disponível (time-slot), devendo ser finalizada antes do tempo limite (deadline). A diferença entre o tempo de computação dos dados e a deadline é chamado de slack e é o tempo disponível para reparo do sistema. Este trabalho faz uso de scrubbing deslocado dinâmico, que busca maximizar a probabilidade de reparo da memória de configuração de FPGAs dentro do slack disponível, baseado em um diagnóstico do erro. O scrubbing deslocado já foi utilizado com técnicas de diagnóstico de grão fino (NAZAR, 2015). Este trabalho propõe o uso de técnicas de diagnóstico de grão grosso para o scrubbing deslocado, evitando as penalidades de desempenho e custos em área associados a técnicas de grão fino. Circuitos do conjunto MCNC foram protegidos com as técnicas propostas e submetidos a seções de injeção de erros (NAZAR; CARRO, 2012a). Os dados obtidos foram analisados e foram calculadas as melhores posição iniciais do scrubbing para cada um dos circuitos. Calculou-se a taxa de Failure-in-Time (FIT) para comparação entre as diferentes técnicas de diagnóstico propostas. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a hipótese inicial deste trabalho que a redução do número de bits sensíveis e uma baixa degradação do período do ciclo de relógio permitiram reduzir a taxa de FIT quando comparadas com técnicas de grão fino. Por fim, uma comparação entre as três técnicas propostas é feita, analisando o desempenho e custos em área associados a cada uma. / Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are widely used in digital systems due to characteristics such as flexibility, low cost and high density. These characteristics are due to the use of SRAM memory cells in the configuration memory, which make these devices susceptible to radiation-induced errors, such as SEUs. TMR is the most used mitigation technique, but it has an elevated cost both in area as well as in energy, restricting its use in low cost/low energy applications. As an alternative to TMR, we propose the use of DMR associated with a repair mechanism of the FPGA configuration memory called scrubbing. The repair of FPGA in real-time systems present a specific set of challenges. Besides guaranteeing the correct computation of data, this computation must be completely carried out within the available time (time-slot), being finalized before a time limit (deadline). The difference between the computation time and the deadline is called the slack and is the time available to repair the system. This work uses a dynamic shifted scrubbing that aims to maximize the repair probability of the configuration memory of the FPGA within the available slack based on error diagnostic. The shifted scrubbing was already proposed with fine-grained diagnostic techniques (NAZAR, 2015). This work proposes the use of coarse-grained diagnostic technique as a way to avoid the performance penalties and area costs associated to fine-grained techniques. Circuits of the MCNC suite were protected by the proposed techniques and subject to error-injection campaigns (NAZAR; CARRO, 2012a). The obtained data was analyzed and the best scrubbing starting positions for each circuit were calculated. The Failure-in-Time (FIT) rates were calculated to compare the different proposed diagnostic techniques. The obtained results validated the initial hypothesis of this work that the reduction of the number of sensitive bits and a low degradation of the clock cycle allowed a reduced FIT rate when compared with fine-grained diagnostic techniques. Finally, a comparison is made between the proposed techniques, considering performance and area costs associated to each one.
5

Zwischenbericht zum Projekt 'FPGA-Entwurfssystem: Test und Integration von Synthese- und Layoutwerkzeugen für den FPGA-Entwurf

Steffen, M., Herrmann, Paul, Möhrke, Ulrich, Spruth, Wilhelm G. 15 July 2019 (has links)
Seit einigen Jahren werden für den Entwurf anwendungsspezifischer Schaltungen verstärkt Field-Programmable Gate-Arrays (FPGAs) als Alternative zu maskenprogrammierten ASICs eingesetzt. Der Vorteil von FPGAs liegt vor allem in der schnellen und preiswerten Schaltungsentwicklung. Für den Entwurf von Schaltungen sind derzeit jedoch Software-Werkzeuge verschiedener Hersteller erforderlich. Im Rahmen eines von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderten Projektes wurde gemeinsam mit der Universität Tübingen und der Technischen Universität München ein funktionsfähiges FPGA-Entwurfssystem entwickelt. Das in diesem Bericht vorgestellte Entwurfssystem beinhaltet alle wichtigen Synthese- und Layout-Komponenten zur Realisierung von Schaltungen auf FPGAs. Es wird eine Entwurfsmethodik vorgestellt, mit der alle notwendigen Entwurfsschritte bis zur Verdrahtung durchführbar sind. Ausgangspunkt ist dabei eine Schaltungsbeschreibung in verhaltensbasiertem VHDL. Für die einzelnen Systemkomponenten werden Software-Werkzeuge verwendet, die an den beteiligten Instituten entwickelt werden. Zur Ablaufsteuerung wurde eine Benutzeroberfläche entworfen, in die bisher die Technologieabbildung sowie das Layout integriert wurden.
6

Ein Branch&Bound-Ansatz zur Verdrahtung von Field Programmable Gate-Arrays

Möhrke, Ulrich, Herrmann, Paul, Steffen, M., Spruth, Wilhelm G. 15 July 2019 (has links)
Zur Verdrahtung der meisten FPGA-Architekturen können die aus dem ASIC-Entwurf stammenden Werkzeuge wie z.B. Kanalverdrahter nicht eingesetzt werden. Eine vollautomatische Verdrahtung mit optimalen Signallaufzeiten kann nur dann erreicht werden, wenn bei gegebener Plazierung die Leitungführung den technologischen Gegebenheiten angepaßt wird. Diese unterscheiden sich deutlich von denen in ASICs. Im Rahmen des von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) geförderten Gemeinschafts-Projekts „FPGA Entwurfssystem“, an dem die Universität Leipzig, die Universität Tübingen und die Technischen Universität München beteiligt sind, wurden am Lehrstuhl für Computersysteme (Prof. W.G. Spruth) des Instituts für Informatik der Universität Leipzig Verfahren zur effizienten und qualitativ hochwertigen Verdrahtung von FPGA-Bausteinen entwickelt. Es wird eine Beschreibung des Verdrahtungsproblems für FPGAs gegeben und ein Lösungsansatz mit Hilfe des Branch&Bound – Verfahrens vorgestellt. Die Ergebnisse in Form von Programmlaufzeiten, Länge des kritischen Pfades und Anzahl der betrachteten Suchknoten in Abhängigkeit von einer Vielzahl von Schaltungsvarianten sind tabellarisch dargestellt und dokumentieren eine deutliche Verkürzung der längsten Pfade gegenüber dem Plazier- und Verdrahtungswerkzeug von Xilinx. Abschließend werden Probleme und weiterführende Arbeiten diskutiert.
7

Sistema autônomo em FPGA para captura e processamento em tempo real de imagens da pupila

Pedroni, Ricardo Umbria 28 June 2011 (has links)
Essa dissertação propõe um algoritmo e um equipamento (hardware) para captação de imagens da pupila do olho humano e processamento das mesmas a fim de obter, de forma portátil, autônoma, segura, não invasiva e em tempo real, informações sobre a pupila. Mais especificamente, o objetivo é obter informações que permitam determinar o diâmetro da pupila, tanto de forma estática (pupila com tamanho estável, sem a incidência intencional de luz) quanto dinâmica (pupila variando devido à aplicação de luz com intensidade variável). Tal sistema pode ser utilizado no setor da saúde, por exemplo, para realização da pupilometria, exame feito na área de oftalmologia, ou para medição da velocidade de expansão da pupila, exame auxiliar no diagnóstico de uma série de doenças que afetam o sistema nervoso. / This dissertation proposes an algorithm and a corresponding hardware implementation capable of capturing images from the human eye and processing these images to obtain, in a portable, autonomous, secure, and non-invasive way, in real time, information regarding the pupil. More specifically, the objective is to obtain information that allows the equipment to determine the pupil's diameter, both in static form (i.e., with constant light intensity) and in dynamic form (pupil under varying light intensity). Such a system can be used in the health sector, for example, in exams such as pupillometry, a test done by ophthalmologists, or for measuring the pupil's expansion rate, a test used in the diagnosis of a series of diseases that affect the nervous system.
8

Sistema autônomo em FPGA para captura e processamento em tempo real de imagens da pupila

Pedroni, Ricardo Umbria 28 June 2011 (has links)
Essa dissertação propõe um algoritmo e um equipamento (hardware) para captação de imagens da pupila do olho humano e processamento das mesmas a fim de obter, de forma portátil, autônoma, segura, não invasiva e em tempo real, informações sobre a pupila. Mais especificamente, o objetivo é obter informações que permitam determinar o diâmetro da pupila, tanto de forma estática (pupila com tamanho estável, sem a incidência intencional de luz) quanto dinâmica (pupila variando devido à aplicação de luz com intensidade variável). Tal sistema pode ser utilizado no setor da saúde, por exemplo, para realização da pupilometria, exame feito na área de oftalmologia, ou para medição da velocidade de expansão da pupila, exame auxiliar no diagnóstico de uma série de doenças que afetam o sistema nervoso. / This dissertation proposes an algorithm and a corresponding hardware implementation capable of capturing images from the human eye and processing these images to obtain, in a portable, autonomous, secure, and non-invasive way, in real time, information regarding the pupil. More specifically, the objective is to obtain information that allows the equipment to determine the pupil's diameter, both in static form (i.e., with constant light intensity) and in dynamic form (pupil under varying light intensity). Such a system can be used in the health sector, for example, in exams such as pupillometry, a test done by ophthalmologists, or for measuring the pupil's expansion rate, a test used in the diagnosis of a series of diseases that affect the nervous system.
9

FPGA prototyping of custom GPGPUs

Nigania, Nimit 08 January 2014 (has links)
Prototyping new systems on hardware is a time-consuming task with limited scope for architectural exploration. The aim of this work was to perform fast prototyping of general-purpose graphics processing units (GPGPUs) on field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) using a novel tool chain. This hardware flow combined with the higher level simulation flow using the same source code allowed us to create a whole tool chain to study and build future architectures using new technologies. It also gave us enough flexibility at different granularities to make architectural decisions. We will also discuss some example systems that were built using this tool chain along with some results.
10

The design and implementation of a video compression development board

Alalait, Suliman 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MScEng (Electrical and Electronic Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2011. / This thesis describes the design and implementation of a video compression development board as a standalone embedded system. The board can capture images, encode them and stream out a video to a destination over a wireless link. This project was done to allow users to test and develop video compression encoders that are designed for UAV applications. The board was designed to use an ADSP-BF533 Blackfin DSP from Analog Devices with the purpose of encoding images, which were captured by a camera module and then streamed out a video through a WiFi module. Moreover, an FPGA that has an interface to a logic analyzer, the DSP, the camera and the WiFi module, was added to accommodate other future uses, and to allow for the debugging of the board. The board was tested by loading a H.264 BP/MP encoder from Analog Devices to the DSP, where the DSP was integrated with the camera and the WiFi module. The test was successful and the board was able to encode a 2 MegaPixel picture at about 2 frames per second with a data rate of 186 Kbps. However, as the frame rate was only 2 frames per second, the video was somewhat jerky. It was found that the encoding time is a system limitation and that it has to be improved in order to increase the frame rate. A proposed solution involves dividing the captured picture into smaller segments and encoding each segment in parallel. Thereafter, the segments can be packed and streamed out. Further performance issues about the proposed structure are presented in the thesis.

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