Th.--Méd.--Montpellier, 1907-1908. / Montpellier, 1907-1908, n ° 2.

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-07-18T15:09:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Adriana Enriconi.pdf: 61716986 bytes, checksum: 9ccf09ac916f5707e21f5119d3f3735f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-07-18T15:09:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Adriana Enriconi.pdf: 61716986 bytes, checksum: 9ccf09ac916f5707e21f5119d3f3735f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2017-07-18T15:10:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Adriana Enriconi.pdf: 61716986 bytes, checksum: 9ccf09ac916f5707e21f5119d3f3735f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T15:10:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Adriana Enriconi.pdf: 61716986 bytes, checksum: 9ccf09ac916f5707e21f5119d3f3735f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-27 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Of the total population of 32.632 inhabitants, above of 18 years, 856 individuals had been evaluated, correspondents to 2.6%, volunteers, not aboriginal messengers and in order to trace the profile epidemiologist in the region. A transversal study was carried through, description and prospective to evaluate the prevalence of Mansonella ozzardi in the cities of SA° Gabriel da Cachoeira, Santa Isabel do Rio Negro and Barcelos, located in the region of the high Negro River, state of Amazon. In samples collected for the method of the thick drop in blade, 22 positive cases in the city had been identified of Sao Gabriel da Cachoeira, correspondents 2.6% of the examined sample, being 68.2% of masculine sex and 31.8% of the feminine sex. The lesser prevalence (1,39%) was found in the 38-47 band years, while that the greater (42,86%) was found in the age band of 58-67years. In the cities of Santa Isabel do Rio Negro and Barcelos the parasitism was not detected. Examinations in children and minors of 18 years had not been carried through. Agriculture was predominant the economic activity in the majority of the infected ones. In relation to the sintomatology of mansonelose, illness transmitted to the man through the bite of arthropods vectors for families Simuliidae and Ceratopogonidae, it was verified that the migraines, pains in the joints and the fatigue in the legs had been more frequent. The presence of visual injuries also was told by some people, what it confirms the studies on the pathology of this illness. The result of this research was informed to the respective Secretariats of Health of the evaluated cities, for the had treatment of the infected individuals. / Da população total de 32.632 habitantes, com idade acima de 18 anos, foram avaliados 856 indivíduos, correspondentes à 2,6%, voluntários, ribeirinhos e não indígenas a fim de traçar o perfil epidemiológico na região Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo e prospectivo para avaliar a prevalência de Mansonella ozzardi nos municípios de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, Santa Isabel do Rio Negro e Barcelos, localizados na região do alto Rio Negro, estado do Amazonas. Em amostras coletadas pelo método da gota espessa em lâmina, foram identificados 22 casos positivos no município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, correspondentes a 2,6% da amostra examinada, sendo 68,2% do sexo masculino e 31,8% do sexo feminino. A menor prevalência (1,39%) foi encontrada na faixa de 38-47 anos, enquanto que a maior (42,86%) foi encontrada na faixa etária de 58-67 anos. Nos municípios de Santa Isabel do Rio Negro e Barcelos não foi detectada a parasitemia. Não foram realizados exames em crianças e menores de 18 anos. A agricultura foi a atividade econômica predominante na maioria dos infectados. Em relação à sintomatologia da mansonelose, doença transmitida ao homem através da picada de artrópodes vetores das famílias Simuliidae e Ceratopogonidae, foi verificado que as dores de cabeça, dores nas articulações e o cansaço nas pernas foram os mais freqüentes. A presença de lesões visuais também foi relatada por algumas pessoas, o que pode indicar determinados estudos sobre a patologia desta doença. O resultado desta pesquisa foi informado às respectivas Secretarias de Saúde dos municípios avaliados, para o tratamento dos indivíduos infectados.

This thesis deals with biting midges of the genus Culicoides, which are tiny nematoceran insects belonging to the Diptera, and their parasites. Biting midges partake in transmissions of several parasitical organisms of various groups. Most notably, they are the vectors of several pathogenic viruses which might have a serious impact on livestock. However, the thesis deals with detection of parasites belonging to Trypanosomatids and Filarioids related to two independent biting midges collections - from the Czech Republic and from the Central African region. Apart from testing biting midges, there were carried out the tests on the occurrence of the same group of parasites within ruminant hoofed games in the Czech Republic. Our goal was to find out whether the same parasites occur with biting midges and their hosts (hoofed games) and whether biting midges could play a role as vectors. Biting midges are relatively overlooked group of haematophagous insects. Until recently, they had not been paid much attention, which changed with the spread of Bluetongue virus over Europe. This stimulated a widespread monitoring of biting midges in several European countries, including the Czech Republic. This helped to gain a large amount of data about the occurrence of biting midges near livestock. Nevertheless, there is no...

Les filaires sont des nématodes parasites transmis à des vertébrés par des arthropodes hématophages. Les espèces filariennes qui s'installent dans les cavités cœlomiques, les vaisseaux lymphatiques ou des tissus conjonctifs ont leurs stades infestants (ou L3) qui migrent via le système lymphatique après leur inoculation dans la peau. En utilisant le modèle murin avec la filaire Litomosoides sigmodontis dont les adultes résident dans la cavité pleurale, deux phases d'interaction des filaires avec les poumons des souris BALB/c sont décrites 1) lors de la migration des L3 de la peau à la cavité pleurale ; 2) pendant la phase patente de l’infection quand les adultes pondent des microfilaires dans la cavité pleurale. Dans la 1ère phase les L3 rejoignent le système sanguin pulmonaire puis traversent les poumons pour entrer dans la cavité pleurale. Ce passage induit une pathologie aigue transitoire: tout d'abord des hémorragies consécutives à la rupture des capillaires pulmonaires, accompagnées d'une augmentation du nombre de neutrophiles pulmonaires et de la libération transitoire d'IL-1β et des alarmines IL-33 et S100A9 dans la cavité pleurale. Le S100A9 semble faciliter la survie des filaires, soit par un effet anti-inflammatoire soit en facilitant la migration des L3. Les neutrophiles peuvent libérer des NETS en réponse aux L3. Dans les jours suivant l'infection, une réponse régulatrice se met en place dans les poumons, avec le recrutement de macrophages et d'éosinophiles, la production d'IL-4, de CCL2 et d'IL9, ainsi que la baisse d'expression de molécules inflammatoires. La formation des granulomes est également observée dans le tissu pulmonaire. Le passage des L3 induit aussi une inflammation des vaisseaux sanguins pulmonaires chez les souris C57BL/6 seulement. Lors de la phase patente de l'infection, 40% des souris ne développent pas de microfilarémie sanguine. La comparaison des réponses des souris microfilarienne et amicrofilarienne montre une exacerbation de l'inflammation pleurale induite par les microfilaires. De plus, les souris microfilarémiques développent une pathologie pulmonaire dépendant des microfilaires consistant en la fibrose de la plèvre viscérale, une accumulation périvasculaire de macrophages et une inflammation bronchoalvéolaire (production de mucus et éosinophilie). Le contrôle des filaires (adultes et microfilaires), mais aussi la mise en place de la pathologie sont dépendantes de l'IL-5 et de l'IL-4R. / Filariae are parasitic nematodes transmited to vertebrates by haematophagous arthropods. The filarial species that settle in the coelomic cavities, the lymphatic vessels or the connective tissues have their infectious stages (or L3) which migrate via the lymphatic system after their inoculation into the skin. Using the murine model with the filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis, whose adults reside in the pleural cavity, two phases of interaction between filariae and the lung of BALB/c mice are described 1) during the L3 migration from the skin to the pleural cavity ; 2) during the patent phase of infection, when adults realease microfilariae in the pleural cavity. During the 1st phase L3 join the pulmonary blood system and then cross through the lungs to enter the pleural cavity. This passage induces a transient acute pathology: first haemorrhages following the rupture of the pulmonary capillaries, together with an increase in the number of pulmonary neutrophils and the transient release of IL-1β and the alarmins IL-33 and S100A9 in the pleural cavity. S100A9 appears to facilitate the survival of the filariae either by an anti-inflammatory effect or by facilitating the migration of L3. Neutrophils can release NETs in response to L3. Within days following the infection, a regulatory response takes place in the lungs, with recruitment of macrophages and eosinophils, production of IL-4, CCL2 and IL-9, and downregulation of inflammatory molecules. The formation of granulomas is also observed in pulmonary tissue. The passage of L3 also induces an inflammation of pulmonary blood vessels, in C57BL/6 mice only. During the patent phase of the infection, 40% of the mice do not develop blood microfilaraemia. Comparison of responses of microfilaremic and amicrofilaremic mice shows an exacerbation of pleural inflammation induced by microfilariae. In addition, microfilaremic mice develop microfilaria-dependent pulmonary pathology consisting on fibrosis of the visceral pleura, perivascular accumulation of macrophages and bronchoalveolar inflammation (mucus production and eosinophilia). The control of the filariae (adults and microfilariae), but also the establishment of the pathology are dependent on IL-5 and IL-4R.