The use of project management in the financial environment of small entities is investigated in this research. To reach the goal of this research, project management in general was researched from the literature and applied to small accounting projects. The meaning of small enterprises was determined from literature and different types of entities were described. The accounting environment as a whole was described to focus on the financial accounting environment of small entities whose financial statements are not strictly regulated by law. Project management was theoretically applied to the financial accounting environment of a small enterprise. Empirical research was used to determine the current use or not of project management by accountants. The questionnaire, distributed according to the snowball method, was set in such a way that it assumed the respondent do not use project management. The research results were grouped to elucidate information in different focus areas of project management. It was very clear from the respondent’s responses, that: Project management is intuitively used without being identified as such; There does nor exist any basic or formal numeration structure for financial assistance of small entities; and Risks could be uniformly addressed to the benefit of both accounting officers and clients should it be more consciously applied. Because it was difficult to identify the population and the snowball method was used to issue the questionnaires, it was decided to use focus group interviews to discuss the outcomes received from the respondents. The results from these interviews were very helpful: not only was project management positively accepted as financial management tool, but suggestions were made to motivate for the use of project management by accountants. These suggestions, as well as a draft project model was send as a secondary questionaire to accountants to test the researched results. Although a limited reaction was received the acceptance of the research outcome was positive. The impact of this discussion can also be found in chapter seven. It can be concluded that the conscious use of project management can be to the advantage of both the accountant and client. The application of project management as a process can be utilised advantageously and without significant additional administrative costs to streamline financial accounting activities. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Operational Research))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2011

The use of project management in the financial environment of small entities is investigated in this research. To reach the goal of this research, project management in general was researched from the literature and applied to small accounting projects. The meaning of small enterprises was determined from literature and different types of entities were described. The accounting environment as a whole was described to focus on the financial accounting environment of small entities whose financial statements are not strictly regulated by law. Project management was theoretically applied to the financial accounting environment of a small enterprise. Empirical research was used to determine the current use or not of project management by accountants. The questionnaire, distributed according to the snowball method, was set in such a way that it assumed the respondent do not use project management. The research results were grouped to elucidate information in different focus areas of project management. It was very clear from the respondent’s responses, that: Project management is intuitively used without being identified as such; There does nor exist any basic or formal numeration structure for financial assistance of small entities; and Risks could be uniformly addressed to the benefit of both accounting officers and clients should it be more consciously applied. Because it was difficult to identify the population and the snowball method was used to issue the questionnaires, it was decided to use focus group interviews to discuss the outcomes received from the respondents. The results from these interviews were very helpful: not only was project management positively accepted as financial management tool, but suggestions were made to motivate for the use of project management by accountants. These suggestions, as well as a draft project model was send as a secondary questionaire to accountants to test the researched results. Although a limited reaction was received the acceptance of the research outcome was positive. The impact of this discussion can also be found in chapter seven. It can be concluded that the conscious use of project management can be to the advantage of both the accountant and client. The application of project management as a process can be utilised advantageously and without significant additional administrative costs to streamline financial accounting activities. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Operational Research))--North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2011

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The focus of interest in this research is the value relevance of superannuation disclosures for corporate employers sponsoring Defined Benefit Plans on behalf of employees. For the period of this study, the two years 2002 and 2003, the relevant reporting requirements came within the accounting standard for employee benefits, AASB 1028. Prior Australian research on superannuation disclosures has already established that such disclosures were value relevant, at least based on an industrial sample in 1995, and more recently on a full sample for the period 2000 to 2003. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the hypothesis that this relationship between shareholder value and superannuation disclosures is asymmetrical i.e. significantly different depending on whether the company-sponsored fund represents a liability (deficit) or an asset (surplus) of the sponsor firm. The reason for investigating this conjecture was that, in light of the changed conditions in the Australian market for many firms, the net asset position of a number of superannuation plans deteriorated, providing the evidence to investigate this hypothesis for the first time. The research methodology used in this study investigates value relevance using the balance sheet valuation model developed by Landsman (1986) and since used in several studies. The findings of the study provide new evidence in support of this hypothesis, consistent with the view that the market will devalue the firm heavily when the fund is in deficit, but will appreciate the value of the firm significantly less heavily when the fund is in surplus. The study finds support for the observed market behaviour in prior research relevant to the impact of ‘bad news’ and the consequent market reaction. The findings are particularly relevant at a time of change in the accounting regulations for superannuation disclosures for corporate sponsors with the move to adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards from January 2005.

No description available.

The focus of interest in this research is the value relevance of superannuation disclosures for corporate employers sponsoring Defined Benefit Plans on behalf of employees. For the period of this study, the two years 2002 and 2003, the relevant reporting requirements came within the accounting standard for employee benefits, AASB 1028. Prior Australian research on superannuation disclosures has already established that such disclosures were value relevant, at least based on an industrial sample in 1995, and more recently on a full sample for the period 2000 to 2003. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the hypothesis that this relationship between shareholder value and superannuation disclosures is asymmetrical i.e. significantly different depending on whether the company-sponsored fund represents a liability (deficit) or an asset (surplus) of the sponsor firm. The reason for investigating this conjecture was that, in light of the changed conditions in the Australian market for many firms, the net asset position of a number of superannuation plans deteriorated, providing the evidence to investigate this hypothesis for the first time. The research methodology used in this study investigates value relevance using the balance sheet valuation model developed by Landsman (1986) and since used in several studies. The findings of the study provide new evidence in support of this hypothesis, consistent with the view that the market will devalue the firm heavily when the fund is in deficit, but will appreciate the value of the firm significantly less heavily when the fund is in surplus. The study finds support for the observed market behaviour in prior research relevant to the impact of ‘bad news’ and the consequent market reaction. The findings are particularly relevant at a time of change in the accounting regulations for superannuation disclosures for corporate sponsors with the move to adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards from January 2005.

The graduation theses points out the importance of provisions for business entities. Provisions, as the basic tool of prudence, contribute to cautious and fair presentation of financial information. The graduation theses mainly focuses on development in Slovak accounting legislative in this field. After a few years of development, the current state of Slovak legislative concerning provisions is very similar to the way in which International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) deal with them. At the end of the theses, there is an example of a Slovak joint stock company that originally presented financial statements according to Slovak accounting legislative and later on, chose to present them according to IFRS solely.

The aim of this thesis is to describe financial accounting in existing advertising agency, which has to report financial information to parent company placed in USA. The parent company use the US GAAP principles and prepares consolidated financial statements for all the comapnies in the group.