The thesis deals with the issues of financing the regional school system (schools established by regions, municipalities or associations of municipalities) in all regions of the Czech Republic from the state budget with respect to particular types of schools (kindergartens, primary schools, secondary schools) and in accordance with applicable regulations and the ways proposed by the Ministry of Education. It also mentions potential future prospects. The thesis is based on the conclusions of Educational Policy Strategy of the Czech Republic till 2020, which prefers stability and greater predictability in financing the education policy. The thesis compares the regional per capita amounts for individual types of schools, calculated according to the current method of financing, with the Conceptual Reform Plan for Financing the Regional Education System, issued by the Ministry of Education in 2011. The aim of the thesis is to decide (through the analysis and critical evaluation of the results obtained) which funding system appears to be preferable and fairer for particular types of schools. The results of the research could potentially be used for making comparisons with the newly prepared reforms of financing the regional education system.