O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a sensibilidade, a especificidade e a acurácia da Punção Aspirativa por Agulha Fina (PAAF) em nódulos submucosos da cavidade bucal e da região de cabeça e pescoço como ferramenta auxiliar de diagnóstico. Foram selecionados 50 pacientes consecutivamente que procuraram a Clínica da Disciplina de Estomatologia Clínica da FOUSP, portadores de lesões em boca e em região de cabeça e pescoço. O material obtido pela PAAF foi enviado a um mesmo patologista apenas com o diagnóstico clínico e após a emissão do laudo da PAAF o laudo do anátomo patológico era emitido servindo como padrão ouro. Após os cálculos, o resultado da sensibilidade foi de 75%, a especificidade foi de 96%, a acurácia foi de 58,8%, o valor preditivo positivo foi de 86% e o valor preditivo negativo foi de 93%. A significância foi estabelecida para 5% e o teste usado foi o teste de Kappa com valor de P<0,001 e um teste qui-quadrado, com valor de P=0,788. Pela análise dos resultados a PAAF teve uma alta sensibilidade para identificar lesões malignas, uma alta especificidade para identificar lesões benignas e uma baixa acurácia para se obter um diagnóstico definitivo. / The objectives of this present study are to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) in submucous nodules of oral cavity and nodules of head and neck region as an auxiliary tool of diagnoses. 50 patients that looked for the Clinic of the Discipline of Oral Stomatology of FOUSP were consecutively selected, carrying lesions in the oral cavity and the head and neck region. The material obtained by FNA was sent to only one pathologist with the clinical diagnosis and after the emission of FNAB report the biopsy report was emitted serving as the gold standard. After the calculation, the results of sensibility was 75%, the specificity was 96%, the accuracy was 58,8%, the positive predict value was 86% and the negative predict value was 93%. The significance was established for 5% and the tests used was Kappa with P<0,001 and a Chi-square with a P value of 0,778.With the results analysis the FNAB had a high sensibility to identify malignant lesions, a high specificity to identify benign lesions and a low accuracy to obtain final diagnoses.

O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a sensibilidade, a especificidade e a acurácia da Punção Aspirativa por Agulha Fina (PAAF) em nódulos submucosos da cavidade bucal e da região de cabeça e pescoço como ferramenta auxiliar de diagnóstico. Foram selecionados 50 pacientes consecutivamente que procuraram a Clínica da Disciplina de Estomatologia Clínica da FOUSP, portadores de lesões em boca e em região de cabeça e pescoço. O material obtido pela PAAF foi enviado a um mesmo patologista apenas com o diagnóstico clínico e após a emissão do laudo da PAAF o laudo do anátomo patológico era emitido servindo como padrão ouro. Após os cálculos, o resultado da sensibilidade foi de 75%, a especificidade foi de 96%, a acurácia foi de 58,8%, o valor preditivo positivo foi de 86% e o valor preditivo negativo foi de 93%. A significância foi estabelecida para 5% e o teste usado foi o teste de Kappa com valor de P<0,001 e um teste qui-quadrado, com valor de P=0,788. Pela análise dos resultados a PAAF teve uma alta sensibilidade para identificar lesões malignas, uma alta especificidade para identificar lesões benignas e uma baixa acurácia para se obter um diagnóstico definitivo. / The objectives of this present study are to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) in submucous nodules of oral cavity and nodules of head and neck region as an auxiliary tool of diagnoses. 50 patients that looked for the Clinic of the Discipline of Oral Stomatology of FOUSP were consecutively selected, carrying lesions in the oral cavity and the head and neck region. The material obtained by FNA was sent to only one pathologist with the clinical diagnosis and after the emission of FNAB report the biopsy report was emitted serving as the gold standard. After the calculation, the results of sensibility was 75%, the specificity was 96%, the accuracy was 58,8%, the positive predict value was 86% and the negative predict value was 93%. The significance was established for 5% and the tests used was Kappa with P<0,001 and a Chi-square with a P value of 0,778.With the results analysis the FNAB had a high sensibility to identify malignant lesions, a high specificity to identify benign lesions and a low accuracy to obtain final diagnoses.

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A diferenciação entre os nódulos benignos e malignos da tireoide é possível na maioria das vezes pela citologia, obtida por punção aspirativa com agulha fina (PAAF). No caso das neoplasias foliculares (NFs), é necessária a remoção cirúrgica de ao menos parte da glândula, pois somente a análise histológica da peça permite diferenciar nódulos benignos de malignos. Há indícios na literatura de que os parâmetros de ultrassonografia com Doppler colorido (UDC) podem indicar maior ou menor probabilidade de malignidade nesses nódulos. Objetivo. Avaliar, nesta revisão sistemática, a acurácia diagnóstica da UDC em predizer malignidade em NFs da tireoide. Métodos. Foram pesquisadas as seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library e LILACS. As referências de estudos relevantes foram verificadas para adicionais citações de interesse. Não houve restrições de linguagem. Foram incluídos estudos nos quais nódulos de tireoide com padrão histológico compatível com NFs, confirmado por biópsia de peça cirúrgica, haviam sido previamente submetidos à UDC e cujos padrões de fluxo ao mapeamento colorido foram descritos detalhadamente. Dois revisores realizaram independentemente a avaliação da qualidade e a extração de dados. Resultados. Foram incluídos quatro estudos, somando 457 nódulos, sendo que 67 foram considerados malignos com base na biópsia cirúrgica. A presença à UDC de padrões de fluxo no interior do nódulo considerado como moderado, rico, predominante ou exclusivo foi indicativa de malignidade com uma sensibilidade média de 85 % (Intervalo de confiança [IC] 95%: 74% a 93%) e especificidade média de 86% (IC 95%: 82% a 89%). Para uma prevalência média de 14,7%, os valores preditivos positivo e negativo são respectivamente 51% e 97%. A razão de verossimilhança positiva é 6,07, e a razão de verossimilhança negativa 0,18. Conclusão. A UDC apresenta boa acurácia para identificar malignidade em NFs da tireóide. Fluxo interno predominante à UDC está associado a maior risco de malignidade nessas lesões. / Background. In most cases it is possible to differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid nodules through cytologic analysis of the fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples. However, in the case of follicular neoplasms (FNs), to determine whether such nodules are benign or malignant, it is necessary to perform a surgical biopsy, which requires the removal of at least part of the thyroid gland. There are clues in the literature that the parameters of color Doppler ultrasonography (CDU) may indicate a greater or lesser likelihood of malignancy in these nodules. Objective. The purpose of this systematic review was to obtain summary estimates of the diagnostic accuracy of CDU in predicting malignancy in thyroid FNs. Methods. We searched Medical Subject Headings together with the search terms “follicular,” “thyroid,” and “Doppler” in the MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Excerpta Medica databases as well as the Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database, after which we performed manual searches of the reference lists to locate additional studies. There were no language restrictions. We included studies that assessed the diagnostic accuracy of CDU in identifying malignancy in thyroid FNs. The assessments of the quality and extraction of data were performed by 2 independent reviewers. Results. We included 4 studies, which collectively evaluated 457 thyroid FNs, 67 of which had been classified as malignant based on the evaluation of surgical biopsy samples. Moderate, rich, predominant, or exclusive internal flow on CDU of thyroid FNs was considered indicative of malignancy. The overall sensitivity of CDU was 85% (95% confidence interval [CI], 74%–93%), with an overall specificity of 86% (95% CI, 82%–89%). The overall prevalence was 14.7%, and the positive and negative predictive values were 51% and 97%, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 6.07, and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.18. Conclusion. CDU has good accuracy for identifying malignancy in thyroid FN. Predominant internal flow seen on CDU is associated with malignancy of thyroid FN. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is extremely severe malignant disease with a five-year survival of less than 5%. Currently there is no reliable tool for the diagnosis of PC in its early stages. At the time of clinical symptoms most patients are in an advanced stage of the disease and the treatment does not usually have a significant effect. For these reasons emphasis is gradually shifting to the search for the suitable molecular markers for improvement of the diagnosis and assessment of the survival prognosis with respect to a possibility of surgical treatment. MiRNA represent one of the most promising markers, although, their examination in pancreatic tissue is a complicated process. One of the reasons is the very small amount of the source material coming from a fine needle biopsy. A second cause of problems is the subtle character of the pancreatic tissue resulting in significantly lower yields of molecular genetic analysis when compared to other epithelial tissues. An additional negative factor is heterogeneity of the tissue resulting in disproportionate representation of tumor cells within the sample. A suitable choice of procedures for isolation of nucleic acids (NA) and subsequent analysis including quantification of tumor cells is critical for accurate evaluation of the miRNA levels. This work is...